Kajian Respons Fisiologis dan Imunologis Ayam Joper dengan Penambahan Vitamin C dan Zink pada Berbagai Kepadatan Kandang

Abstract

The need for vitamin C and zinc in poultry is one important element because it can effect the physiological condition and health of chickens. Vitamin C and zinc are believeed to help the metabolism of the chicken body and play a role in improving the performance and health status of chickens by suppressing atress levels and as immunostimulators and cofactors of many enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of vitamin C and zinc to performance, physiological responses, red blood cell profiles, differential leucosite profiles, antibody titers to Infectious bursal disease and Newcastel disease post-vaccination and the weight of fabrisius bursa at various cage densities. The research was conducted in Tanjung Gading Village, Sei Suka Subdistrict, Bara Regency, starting from June - September 2021. The observed parameters were ration consumption, weight gain, ration conversion, rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, heterophile, limphocytes, monocyte, eosinophile, basophile, heterophile and limphocyte H/L ratio, antibody titer to Infectious Bursal Disease and Newcasstel Disease and bursa fabricius weight. Joper chickens used in this study as many as 324 head (unsex). The experimental plan is using the complete random design of factorial patterns consists of 2 factors, namely factor A is vitamin C and zinc, A0 (control), A1 (0 gr of vitamin C + 60 ppm of zinc) and A2 (2 gr of vitamin C + 60 ppm of zinc). Factor B is the density of the cage, B1 (6 head / m2), B2 (8 head / m2), B3 (10 head/ m2) and B4 (12 head /m2) and each treatment repeated 3 times. Vitamin C is applied through drinking water and zinc through feed. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there is a siqnificant effect at a rate of 0.05% followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that factor A had no siqnificant effect (P>0,05) on ration consumption, weight gain, ration conversion, rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, heterophiles, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, H/L ratio, antibody titer to IBD on days 38 and 60, antibody titer to ND, and bursa fabriius weight. Factor B had siqnificant effect (P<0,05) on ration cinsumption, weight gain, ration conversion, heterophiles and lymphocytes. The interaction influence occurs only in rectal temperature and antibody titer to IBD on days 60.

Kebutuhan akan vitamin C dan zink pada unggas merupakan salah satu unsur yang harus dipenuhi karena dapat mempengaruhi kondisi fisiologis dan kesehatan ayam. Vitamin C dan zink diyakini dapat membantu metabolisme tubuh ayam dan berperan dalam meningkatkan performan dan status kesehatan ayam dengan menekan tingkat stres dan sebagai imunomodulator dan kofaktor berbagai enzim. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui respon penambahan vitamin C dan zink terhadap performan, respon fisiologis, profil sel darah merah,profil diferensial leukosit, titer antibodi terhadap Infectious bursal disease dan Newcastel disease pasca vaksinasi, rasio H/L dan bobot bursa fabrisius pada berbagai kepadatan kandang. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Tanjung Gading, Kecamatan Sei Suka, Kabupaten batu Bara, dimulai dari bulan Juni – September 2021. Parameter yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, suhu rektal, frekuensi pernafasan, eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, heterofil, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil, basofil, rasio heterofil dan limfosit (H/L)), titer antibodi terhadap Newcasstel Disease dan Infectious Bursal Disease dan bobot bursa fabrisius. Ayam Joper yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 324 ekor (unsex). Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial terdiri atas 2 faktor, yakni faktor A adalah penambahan vitamin C dan zink, A0 (kontrol), A1 ( 0 g vitamin C + 60 ppm zink), dan A2 ( 2 g vitamin C + 60 ppm zink). Faktor B adalah kepadatan kandang, B1 (6 ekor/mm2), B2 ( 8 ekor/mm2), B3 (10 ekor/mm2) dan B4 (12 ekor/mm2) dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Vitamin C diaplikasikan melalui air minum dan zink melalui pakan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), apabila terjadi perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf 0,05% dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor A tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, suhu rektal, frekuensi pernafasan, eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, heterofil, eosinofil, basofil, limfosit, monosit, rasio H/L, titer antibodi terhadap IBD pada hari ke-38 dan 60, titer antibodi terhadap ND, dan bobot bursa fabrisius. Faktor B berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, heterofil dan limfosit. Pengaruh interaksi hanya terjadi pada suhu rektal dan titer antibodi terhadap IBD pada hari ke-60.