Status dan Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Berdasarkan Gradien Salinitas di Hutan Pantai Pulau Pandang, Batu Bara, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The objective of research was to know the mycorrhiza diversity in coastal forest based on salinity gradient. A 50 g of soil sample has been taken from the Pulau Pandang Beach, District of Batu Bara, from each plot of 20 x 5 m size. The soil sample was filtered through a set of gradient filter, and the spora found was then identified. The result of observation indicated that in location of research, there were 246 spores categorized into three genus of mycorrhizae; Glomus, Acaulospora and Gigaspora. Glomus was the most dominant type and found in each plot. The density of spora population increased with increased salinity gradient. The trapping result with host of Pueraria javanica indicated a high number of spora in comparison to the spora isolated from the site. All roots of plant sample have been infected by mycorrhiza fungi. The mycorrhizae fungi could form the association with roots of coastal forest plants of various colonization percentage, the lowest percentage was in plant roots of Ipomoea pescaprae (13%) and the highest percentage (83,9%) was in plant roots of Terminalia catappa.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan jenis fungi mikoriza di hutan pantai berdasarkan gradien salinitas. Contoh tanah sebanyak 50 g diambil dari Pantai Pulau Pandang Kabupaten Batu Bara dari setiap petak ukur 20 x 5 m. Contoh tanah disaring dengan satu set saringan bertingkat dan spora yang didapat diidentifikasi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi penelitian terdapat 246 spora yang termasuk kedalam 3 genus mikoriza yaitu Glomus, Acaulospora dan Gigaspora. Jenis Glomus merupakan yang paling dominan dan terdapat pada setiap petak ukur. Kepadatan populasi spora makin meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya gradien salinitas. Hasil trapping dengan tanaman inang Pueraria javanica menunjukkan jumlah spora yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan spora yang diisolasi dari lapangan. Semua akar contoh tanaman terinfeksi fungi mikoriza. Fungi mikoriza mampu membentuk asosiasi dengan akar tanaman hutan pantai dengan persentase kolonisasi yang beragam, paling rendah dalam akar tanaman Ipomoea pescaprae (13%) dan yang paling tinggi (83,9%) dalam akar tanaman Terminalia catappa.