Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Nanogel Anti-Aging Ekstrak Etanol Ganggang Merah (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) Pada Kulit Tikus yang Diinduksi Sinar Uvb

Abstract

Exposure to UVB rays absorbed by the skin can cause free radicals, namely Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which cause damage to cell components such as cell walls, membrane lipids, mitochondria, and DNA. Red algae contain polyphenol and flavonoid compounds that have the potential as antioxidants by inhibiting oxidation and reducing some of the effects of free radicals. This study aims to formulate red algae as an anti-aging in nanogel preparations. This research was conducted experimentally including the manufacture of ethanolic extract of red algae obtained by soxhletation using ethanol solvent which was then tested for the content of total phenol and total flavonoid. The ethanolic extract of red algae was formulated in the form of nanogels with extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% and tested for physical characteristics of the preparation, stability and irritation on the skin. Anti-aging activity in vivo in mice from the nanogel preparation was then analyzed macroscopically, histologically and compared with the gel preparation. The rats were irradiated by UVB three times a week for 10 weeks and the rats were given a red algae extract nanogel preparation every day, then the rat skin was analyzed macroscopically and microscopically with hematoxyllin and eosin staining. The ethanolic extract of red algae contains a total phenol content of 4.3645 mg GAE/g sample and a total flavonoid content of 11.0941 mg QE/g extract. The resulting red algae ethanol extract nanogel has a thick consistency, orange in color and was homogeneous and stable after stability testing and did not irritate rabbit skin. The appearance of the macroscopic results of rat skin that was irradiated by UVB without the preparation was rough, dry and wrinkled. The group of rats that were given the preparation after 10 weeks showed a smoother and less wrinkled skin appearance compared to the group of rats that were given the gel preparation. Microscopic results of the skin of a group of mice that were irradiated with UVB without given showed thinning of the epidermis and a reduction in collagen density. The skin of rat group thar were given the nanogel preparation showed thicker epidermis changes and increased collagen density. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the preparation of red algae extract nanogels has antioxidant activity from the content of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds. The nanogel preparations were stable for 12 weeks at room, low, and high temperatures and had better anti-aging activity in vivo than the gel preparations on rat skin that was irradiated by UVB.