Hubungan Lebar Saluran Pernafasan Atas dan Posisi Tulang Hyoid pada Maloklusi Kelas I, II dan III Skeletal dengan Pola Pertumbuhan Normal

Abstract

Background: The posture of the tongue and jaw is determined by the breathing pattern and the hyoid bone position. Respiratory disturbances result in a more inferior position of the hyoid bone, enlarged tongue and soft palate, and decreased posterior pharyngeal space. The pharyngeal and hyoid bone position have a significant relationship with malocclusion. Objectives: To determine the relationship between the nasopharyngeal width and hyoid bone position in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions with normal growth patterns. Materials and Methods: An observational analytic study design with lateral cephalometric radiographs was used. The number of samples in this study was 82 samples divided into 3 groups: 36 subjects had skeletal Class I malocclusion with normal growth patterns, 30 subjects had skeletal class II malocclusion, and 16 subjects had Class III malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographic analysis was performed to measure the width of the nasopharyngeal and the position of the hyoid bone by using ImageJ software. Results: The average width of the nasopharyngeal in skeletal Class I malocclusion with normal growth patterns was 16.02 ± 3.25 mm, Class II was 15.79 ± 2.27 mm and Class III was 17.50 ± 2.51 mm. The ANOVA test results showed that there was a significant relationship between the hyoid angle and skeletal Class I and II malocclusions with normal growth patterns (p=0.00) and Class II and III (p=0.01). In the hyoid bone position (H-H’), there was no significant difference between skeletal Class I and III malocclusions and normal growth patterns. Conclusion: A positive correlation between the width of the nasopharyngeal and hyoid bone position (C3-H) in skeletal Class I with normal growth patterns.