Pertumbuhan dan Laju Eksploitasi Udang Kelong (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara.

Abstract

Kelong shrimp (P. merguiensis) is one of some important fishing commodities which have a high economy value which are widely available in the District of Langkat. The condition of the fishing pressure which is high and the production volume which is widely increased causes the stock depletion or decrease the population of Kelong shrimps, the condition of overfishing might happen. This study has the objective on accessing the biological aspects of Kelong Shrimps. Some of the parameters of the growth are the body weight and the length of carapace, the frequency distribution of carapace length, the sex ratio, the factors of the condition, the assumption of mortality and exploitation rates. Thus study was held in seven months, which are from June until December 2013. Collecting the samples of Kelong Shrimp in 14 times with the interval of two week. The data analysis using the ELEFAN I method (Electronic Length Frequencies Analysis) which is packed in the program of FiSAT II (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tool), Ford Wallford method, and Bhattacharya method. The samples of Kelong shrimps are 1758 which consist of 654 male shrimps and 1104 female shrimps. The growth pattern of Kelong Shrimps totally is based on the correlation of the length and the weight has the negative allometric growth pattern with the point of b<3. The frequency distribution of the carapace length of Kelong Shrimps is in the range of 13.07-39.68 mm, the size group which is dominating the male Kelong Shrimps and female Kelong Shrimps is 24.57- 25.88. The assumption of the Von Bertalanffy growth parameter using the method of Ford Wallford of male Kelong Shrimps L∞ is 36.30 mm with K=0.5 per year, while the assumption of the value of female Kelong shrimps L∞ is 41.91 mm with K=0.62 per year. The rates of the total mortality (Z) by using the fishing result curve analysis, which is Z = 2.526 per year. The natural mortality (M) is 1.161 per year. The mortality caused by the arrest (F) is 1.365 per year show the exploitation rates is 0.54. The value of exploitation rates of Kelong Shrimps, which is obtained, is showing the indication of overfishing. The comparison of male and female Kelong shrimps is 1:1.688. The value of the condition factor which is obtained is in the range of 1-2 which shows that Kelong Shrimps have the body shape which is flat (thin).