Efektivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L) terhadap Peningkatan pH, Laju Alir dan Volume Saliva pada Subjek Dewasa Muda dan Manul

Abstract

Saliva is produced by the salivary glands plays an important role in oral homeostasis. Saliva can clean and moisturize the oral mucosa. In addition to cleaning teeth, saliva has a function to facilitate articulation and swallowing. Saliva can solve the problem in terms of being a protector for oral bacteria. Salivary secretion which consists of pH, flow rate, and volume of saliva is highly dependent on the velocity, microorganisms of the oral cavity and its buffering capacity. A decrease in salivary secretion will be seen in elderly humans (elderly) because with age it causes aging factors and will reduce secretion in saliva. In addition, in young adults there can also be a decrease in salivary secretion. Increased secretion of saliva can be done by using an antiseptic mouthwash that contains alcohol. Indonesia is a country rich in herbal plants. Psidium guajava L (guava leaf) is a plant that is spread all over the world and its fruit is much liked by the public. Guava leaves are one of the herbal plants that contain very high antioxidants. Purpose: This study was conducted to produce a mouthwash of leaf extract (guava leaf) (Psidium guajava L) to prove its effectiveness in terms of increasing pH, flow rate and volume of saliva in the oral cavity. Methods: This research was carried out in several stages, the initial stage was to obtain guava leaf extract in accordance with the requirements of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, namely by checking the water content, water soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, total ash content, insoluble ash content. sour. Then phytochemical screening to see the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenes/steroids. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of guava leaf extract was tested using the DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazil) method. Preparation characteristic of mouthwash used a pH meter and a viscometer, while the hedonic test was carried out by 20 panelists on color, taste and aroma. Then a clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of 3.5% guava leaf mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. The sample subject who will do the treatment totaling 40 people. Each subject rinsed his mouth twice a day as much as 15-20 ml in the morning after brushing his teeth and at night before going to bed for 14 days. Measurements were made every 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day using a pH meter. Previously, the calculation was carried out on day 1 as the base line. Statistical analysis was performed using the Anova Repeated Measure test, unpaired t test and paired t test. Results: The results of the stability test of the preparation showed that the pH value of the guava leaf extract mouthwash was 3.5% ranging from 6.3 to 6.4 with a viscosity value of 5.6%. The hedonic test showed that 3.5% guava leaf mouthwash was preferred by the panelists in terms of taste, color, and flavour. From clinical trials it was proven that there was an increase in pH, flow rate and saliva volume in the treatment group gargling with 3.5% guava leaf extract mouthwash and 0.2% iii ixxiv chlorhexidine gluconate. The results of statistical analysis using Anova Repeated Measure showed a significant difference between the treatment group gargling with guava leaf extract mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate on pH, flow rate and saliva volume in young adults and the elderly, namely Sig = 0.000 < 0.05. The results of statistical analysis of paired t-test on measuring pH, flow rate and saliva volume before and after gargling in young adults and the elderly showed Sig < 0.05. 3.5% guava leaf extract mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate effective in increasing pH, flow rate and saliva volume in young adults and the elderly, but the excess of 3.5% guava leaf extract mouthwash does not contain alcohol so it is safe to use.