| dc.description.abstract | Background: Postoperative pain is the most unwanted consequence of surgery. Its prevalence is
still high despite drugs and anesthesia techniques development. Combination of opioid and non-
opioid analgesics has shown various result in postoperative pain management. Tramadol is a
codeine synthetic analog that binds to the μ-opiate receptor and inhibits monoaminergic
neurotransmitters. Ketamine is an NMDA inhibitor which has an antinociceptive effect. Previous
studies have shown various result regarding tramadol and ketamine effect. We try to explore the
effectiveness of both drugs as pain management, mainly in 6 hours postoperative.
Aim: This study was aimed to prove that ketamine 0.25 mg/BW may give better postoperative
analgesia effect than tramadol 0.25 mg/BW subcutaneous injection at the surgical area.
Methods: A total of 60 adult patients that underwent elective surgery of lower abdomen and
extremity in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan and Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau
TK.11 Kesdam I/BB Medan, and matched our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample divided
into two groups randomly: Group A was treated with ketamine 0.25 mg/kgBW injection, and
Group B was treated with tramadol 0.25 mg/kgBW injection. The patients then examined with
Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours postoperative.
Results: There was no significant difference in pain between two groups in 0 and 1 hour
postoperative. However, there was a significant difference in pain between two groups in 2, 4
and 6 hours postoperative.
Conclusion: Tramadol subcutaneous injection has better analgesia effectiveness than ketamine
subcutaneous injection for postoperative pain management. | en_US |
