Uji Efek Nanopartikel Simplisia dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) terhadap Profil Lipid pada Tikus Hiperlipidemia

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is one of major cause of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Vernonia amygdalina of the family Asteraceae contains flavonoid, saponin and tannin has been being used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Treatment ofhyperlipidemia is time consuming and costly. Treatment using natural product has been used widely and believed to be effective with less side effect compared to modem medication. Application of nanotechnology in medicine increases steadily but none has been reported for Vernonia amygdalina simplex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of simplex nanoparticles and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats, to determine the secondary metabolites contained in the simplex nanoparticle and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Thin Layer Chromatography analysis Nanoparticle of Vernonia amygdalina simplex was prepared by milling method then the characteristics of simplex nanoparticles was analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) while the extract was prepared by maceration. The lipid profile was determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. Data was analyzed with Paired t-test and Anova with Post Hoc Tukey. SEM and PSA analyses showed that the morphology of nanoparticle of Vernonia amygdalina simplex is a ball-shaped (spherical) with smooth surface with particle size 785.6±182.5 nm. Phytochemical screening test of simplex nanoparticles and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina indicated the occurrence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and glycosides. TLC analysis of simplex nanoparticles and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina exhibited the presence of flavonoids, saponins dan tannins. The results showed that simplex nanoparticles and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina with the doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw decrease total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and increase HDL level significantly with negative control (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study indicated that simplex nanoparticles and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina with the doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw decrease total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and increase HDL levels.