Formulasi, Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Penyembuhan Luka Sediaan Nanoemulgel Ekstrak Resin Jernang (Daemonorops draco (Willd) Blume

Abstract

Background: Dragon's blood is a red resin derived from a type of rattan plant (Daemonorops draco (Willd) Blume; Arecaceae), containing flavonoid (dracorhodin) and triterpenoid compounds, which have traditionally been used as wound healing drugs. Jernang resin extract nanoemulgel is a topical preparation with a small particle size (nano scale) which can accelerate drug absorption, increase stability and accelerate its pharmacological effect. Purpose: This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of jernang extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, to test the safety and stability of the jernang resin extract nanoemulgel and to test its antibacterial activity and wound healing. Methods: The extract was made by maceration (96% ethanol solvent) and tested for its antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method (Kirby & Bauer test). Previously, nanoemulsion formulations with surfactants (Tween 80) and cosurfactants (Isopropyl alcohol) were carried out into 3 formulas with variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of jernang, namely F1 (2.5%), F2 (5%), and F3 (7.5%). Furthermore, nanoemulgel was made by mixing nanoemulsion and gel base with a ratio of 4: 1 with various extract concentrations into 3 formulas, namely F4 (2%), F5 (4%) and F6 (6%). Preparation of nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel using high energy emulsification methods, then evaluated physical stability, antibacterial and wound healing based on percent wound shrinkage and histology compared with emulgel. Result: The test results of antibacterial extract at a concentration of 10 mcg / mL resulted in MIC values of 10.27±0.21 mm (S.aureus) and 9.47±0.15 mm (P.aeruginosa). Nanoemulgel F4 (2.5%) has good stability during 12 weeks of storage (temperature variation) organoleptically, pH (5.83), viscosity (76.40 m.Pa.s.), particle size (213.04 nm), stable in the centrifugation test and did not cause irritation, the MIC values were 11.70 ± 0.10 mm (S.aureus) and 13.50 ± 0.10 mm (P.aeruginosa) while for Gentamicin Sulfate ointment 0.1% was 14.90 ± 1.60 mm and 14.60 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. The results of 100% reduction in wound diameter were the fastest achieved with treatment for 16 days of 0.1% Gentamicin Sulfate ointment followed by 18 days of 2% nanoemulgel, 20 days of 4% nanoemulgel, 22 days of 2% emulgel and 4% emulgel for 23 days. Conclusion: The resin extract of jernang has antibacterial activity. Resin jernang extract nanoemulgel with a content of 2% (F4) is safe and stable on storage, has better antibacterial activity, wound healing activity than 2% and 4% jernang ethanol extract emulgel.