Pengaruh Sosiodemografi dan Akses Pangan terhadap Pola Konsumsi Pangan pada Keluarga Nelayan di Kelurahan Galang Baru Kota Batam

Abstract

Food is a basic need which is very essential for human beings to survive. The sufficient need for food can be viewed from the need for energy, protein, and other nutrients. Nationally, the food consumption pattern is still not proper. This can be seen from the poor condition of fishermen's families because the socio-demographic factors (education, knowledge, family size) and the food access (the availability of food, expenses, and social support) are very low.

The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the factors of socio- demography (education, knowledge, family size) and food access (the availability of

food, expenses, and social support) on the food consumption pattern in the fishermen's families at Kelurahan Galang Baru, Batam. The expense is the total cost spent for food (staple food, all kinds of food rather than rice, fruits, and vegetables) and social support was measured from subsidized food obtained by respondents, while the food consumption pattern included frequency, quantity, and types. Food frequency was measured from the frequency of consuming food, the amount of food was measured from RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances), and the type of food was measured from various foods consumed everyday. The type of the study was an explanatory research. The population was all fishermen who domiciled at Kelurahan Galang Baru, Batam, and 125 of them were used as the samples. The data were gathered by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires and analyzed by using multiple logistic regression analysis at a=O. 05. The result of the study showed that most of the respondents who had low level of education were 57.6%, lack of knowledge were 61.6%, the number of family members from four to six people were 72. 8%.· From the food access, it was found that low availability of food was 60.8%, low expense was 65. 6%, and high social support was 56%. From the food consumption pattern, it was found that infrequent eating was 71.2%, lack of food was 59.2%, and unvaried types of food was 76. 0%. Statistically, socio-demographic factors (education) and food access ( availability of food and expenses) had significant influence the food consumption pattern. The variable of education had the most dominant influence on the food consumption pattern. It is recommended that Batam Administration/ Batam Health Ojjice should increase their attention to the people on the isolated islands by conducting counseling about the balanced food pattern, and ensure smooth distribution of food to those isolated islands.