Uji Toksisitas dan Antijamur Fusarium sp. dari Minyak Atsiri Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum)

Abstract

A research to find out the potential of toxicity and antifungal effect (Fusarium sp.) in essential oil extracted from garlic (Allium sativum) is done by several steps. First of all, garlic (Allium sativum) is destilated using Stahl apparatus to produce the essential oil. The essential oil produced is then treated with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method to test its toxicity effect and another disc method to test the antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. Garlic’s essential oil experiment is done against Artemia salina Leach larva in varied concentration 1000 ppm, 750 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 50 ppm. The toxicity level of the essential oil uses probit analyze by calculating the LC50 during 24 hours observation. Meanwhile for various ratio concentration of essentil oil and methanol as 5%; 25%; 50% ; 75%(b/v) ; and without methanol is applied to find out the antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. GC-MS result shows that essential oil extracted from garlic contains Allyl sulfide, Diallyl sulfide, Trisulfide, and Diallyl trisulfide. Based of the test using BSLT method, the essential oil is known to be toxic in LC50 at 256.98 ppm. Besides, the result of antifungal activity against Fusarium sp shows diameter of clear zone formed are 0 mm ; 0.313 mm; 0.385 mm ; 0.588 mm ; and 0.9 mm in regard of concentration ratio essential oil and methanol respectively 5%; 25%; 50%; 75%(b/v); and without methanol. From the results, it can be concluded that essential oil extracted from garlic can be applied as anticancer candidate, however it has poor effect to slow down the growth of Fusarium sp.

Uji toksisitas dan antijamur (Fusarium sp.) dari minyak atsiri bawang putih (Allium sativum) dilakukan dengan beberapa metode. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) didestilasi dengan menggunakan alat stahl untuk memperoleh minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan diuji toksisitasnya dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan aktivitas antijamur Fusarium sp. dengan metode cakram kertas. Uji toksisitas minyak atsiri bawang putih terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi 1000 ppm; 750 ppm; 500 ppm; 250 ppm dan 50 ppm. Efek toksisitas minyak atsiri bawang putih dianalisis dengan menghitung LC50 selama 24 jam perlakuan menggunakan analisa probit. Uji aktivitas antijamur minyak atsiri bawang putih terhadap Fusarium sp. dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri dan metanol yaitu 5%; 25%; 50%; 75%(b/v) dan minyak atsiri tanpa metanol. Berdasarkan hasil analisa GC-MS minyak atsiri bawang putih mengandung senyawa Allyl sulfida, Diallyl disulfida, Trisulfida, Diallyl trisulfida. Hasil uji toksisitas minyak atsiri bawang putih dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menunjukkan minyak atsiri bawang putih bersifat toksik dengan nilai LC50 256.98 ppm sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa minyak atsiri bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat antikanker. Hasil uji aktivitas antijamur minyak atsiri bawang putih terhadap jamur Fusarium sp. menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat dengan variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri dan metanol 5%; 25%; 50%; 75%(b/v) dan minyak atsiri tanpa metanol yaitu 0 mm ; 0.313 mm; 0.385 mm; 0.588 mm dan 0.9 mm sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa minyak atsiri bawang putih memiliki daya hambat yang lemah terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Fusarium sp.