Konteks Sosial Editorial Surat Kabar Terbitan Medan (Sebuah Analisis Linguistk Sistemik Fungsional)

Abstract

This dissertation is aimed to describe how the social context and critical discourse analysis is realized on newspaper editorial’s text published in Medan as known as Surat Kabar Terbitan Medan (SKTM). The research is a qualitative descriptive study realized in three topic discussions, they are political topics, state officials, and social topics. Three newspapers published in Medan which have an editorial were used as the object of research they are Analisa, Sinar Indonesia Baru (SIB), and Waspada. Findings in editorial’s structure show that the genre are analytical exposition Ʌ hortatory exposition, Ʌ review, Ʌ explanation, while the editorials’ framework is realized based on the news urgency, and the editorials’type are criticizing Ʌ explaining/interpreting, Ʌ persuade, Ʌ (praising). Findings in Linguistics realization show that political topic dominantly uses material, mental, relational identification process, using specific participant with circumstance location, time, and circumstance manner, quality, using conjunctions comparison: differences and conjunction cause, reason. The state officials topic dominantly uses material, verbal process with generic participant. Using circumstance location, time, and circumstance cause, reason, with conjunctions cause, reason and conjunction comparison, differences. The social topic uses material behavioral and relational attributive process, with generic participant. Using circumstance manner, quality and circumstance location, time with conjunctions cause, purpose, and conjunctions cause, reason. Next, the social context’s findings are realized into three parts, first, the context of situation which are realized in to field which are (-) institution,, one participant is higher than the other, the semantics characteristic is (+ ) specialist, (-) formality. The tenor uses different status and the affection is (+) interpersonal, (+)contact frequency, and the mode uses (+) planning, (+) distance and place with medium is in written form. The cultural context shows that the genre are analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, review/critique and explanation. The ideology is realized in the form of reminding, criticizing, appealing. Finally, findings in Critical Discourse analysis resulted in micro, macro, and meso analysis. Micro analysis due to genre are analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, review, explanation. The linguistics features such as indirect speech and passive voice are dominantly used in state officials topic, while the collective noun as well as naming individual are dominantly used in political topics. The editorials’ position is the position of criticizing, explaining /interpreting, persuading, and (praising). Macro analysis resulted power interpretation such as press control that implemented in a form of against the rules, norms, and general consensus, related to ideological interpretation shows that editorial texts are more widely implemented by warning, criticizing, and appealing ideology. Meso analysis shows that the social practice acts by the newspaper’s editorials are as people's information bestowed, public policy observer, as a critic to arrogance, as organizer to public policy investigation centers, as a social phenomena observer and as the counselor.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana konteks sosial dan wacana kritis direalisasikan dalam Surat Kabar Terbitan Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan tiga topik bahasan yaitu topik politik, penyelenggara negara dan topik sosial. Tiga surat kabar harian di Medan yang mempunyai kolom editorial dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian yang terdiri atas editorial Surat Kabar Harian Analisa, Sinar Indonesia Baru (SIB), dan Harian Waspada. Temuan penelitian dalam struktur teks editorial menurut jenis genre adalah eksposisi analitik Ʌ eksposisi hortatori Ʌ review/kritik Ʌ eksplanasi, menurut kerangka penulisan bervariasi menurut urgensinya, dan menurut jenis editorial adalah mengkritisi Ʌ menjelaskan/menginterpretasikan Ʌ mempersuasi Ʌ (memuji). Temuan dalam realisasi Linguistik menunjukkan bahwa topik politik menggunakan proses material, mental, relasional identifikatif, partisipan yang bersifat spesifik, sirkumstan lokasi, waktu, dan sirkumstan cara, kualitas, menggunakan konjungsi perbandingan: perbedaan, dan konjungsi sebab, alasan. Topik penyelenggara negara menggunakan proses material, verbal, partisipan yang bersifat generik, sirkumstan lokasi, waktu, dan sirkumstan sebab, alasan serta menggunakan konjungsi sebab, alasan dan konjungsi perbandingan, perbedaan, Topik sosial menggunakan proses material, proses behavioral, dan proses relasional attributif, partisipan yang bersifat generik, sirkumstan cara, kualitas dan sirkumstan lokasi, waktu, konjungsi sebab, tujuan serta konjungsi sebab, alasan. Berikutnya, temuan dalam konteks sosial adalah field yang menggunakan arena kegiatan (-) terinstitusi, partisipan yang satu lebih tinggi dati partisipan lainnya, ranah semantik (+) spesialisasi, serta (-) formalitas, tenor menggunakan status yang tidak sama, afeksi yang menggunakan (+) interpersonal, kontak (+) sering, dan mode yang menggunakan (+) keterencanaan, (+) jarak dan tempat, dan medium tulisan. Konteks budaya yang direalisasikan dalam bentuk genre eksposisi Ʌ review/kritik, Ʌ eksplanasi, ideologi yang bersifat mengingatkan, mengkritisi, menghimbau. Selanjutnya, temuan dalam Wacana Kritis meliputi analisis mikro menggunakan genre dalam bentuk eksposisi analitik, eksposisi hortatori, review/kritik, eksplanasi, unsur linguistk indirect speech dan passive voice dominan digunakan dalam topik penyelenggara negara, dan collective noun dan naming individual dominan digunakan dalam topik politik. Analisis makro editorial yang mengkritisi, menjelaskan/menginterpretasikan, mempersuasi, (memuji), interpretasi kekuasaan berupa kontrol pers yang lebih banyak diimplementasikan terhadap aturan (rules), dan norma (norms), dan general consencus. Ideologi yang bersifat mengingatkan, mengkritisi, dan menghimbau. Analisis meso menunjukkan bahwa praktik sosial yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk peran sebagai pemberi informasi kepada pembaca atau masyarakat, sebagai pengamat kebijakan publik, sebagai pengkritik kearogansian, sebagai pusat kajian kebijakan publik, sebagai pengamat fenomena sosial, dan peran sebagai konselor.