Pembuatan Plastik Kemasan Terbiodegradasikan dari Polipropilena Tergrafting Anhidrid Maleat dengan Bahan Pengisi Pati Sagu Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

Starch from palm oil has great potential to be used as filler in the manufacture of biodegradable packaging materials from polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride. Starch can be extracted from palm oil palm trunk. Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride to do by refluxing method, I g maleic anydrite, 0.1 g BPO, and 10 g polypropylene with xylene as a solvent. Mixture of PP-g-MA and palm starch (PSBS) with cross clamp method at temperature 170°C for 20 minutes with a variation of PP- g-MA and PSBS are (99.5: 0.5), (99:1), (98:2), (97:3), (96:4) (% w/w) and commercial tapioca as a comparison with the variation (99,5:0,5), (99:1), (98:2): (% w/w). The results showed a mixture of PP-g-MA with a ratio (97:3) is the most optimum where the tensile strenght: 16.010 N/m2; elongation et break 8.593%. At ratio (98:2) tensile strenght 6.940 N/m2; elongation et break 3.1875% is not much different from the comparison which the tensile strenght 7.4346 N/m2; elongation et break 3.847%. According to the requirements of SNI 7188.7:2011 biodegradable packaging mix containing thermoplastic, natural starch, contains no elongation et prodegradant and value of elongation et break is low than 5% can be used for the manufacture of plastics biodegradable. Interaction of chemistry and physics of polypropylene with maleic anhydride in the presence of PSBS was well on its test FTIR wavenumber 1165.00 cm showed the functional group C-O bending typical for bonding PP-g-MA and PSBS, supported with wave number 1103.28 cm-1 which shows the fingerprint region for ether compounds formed by the interaction between PP-g-MA and PSBS and reinforced by wave number 1720.50 cm-1 indicating the presence of ketone compounds formed from byproduct interaction PP-g-MA and PSBS. SEM test showed a flat mix. The data showed weight of biodegradable is diminish 48.7053% after 60 days planting and decreased transmittance in FTIR test several functional groups that show the occurrence of biodegradation.