A Multimodal Analysis of Pinterest Political Satire

Abstract

This research aims to describe and find multimodal visual components and verbal text of political satire through cartoons and to illustrate how they were specifically interrelated to construct satire. The data were political cartoons which contain visual and verbal text. They were obtained from Pinterest Website. Qualitative descriptive method was employed in this research. This research used multimodal metafunction theory as one of critical discourse analysis fields in order to describe and find the visual and verbal components. This research used visual grammar theory based on Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) to analyze the visual text and three linguistic metafunctions, interpersonal, ideation and textual based on Halliday (1994) to analyze the verbal text. Based on the result, the visual components are phenomenon (35%), undirectional transactional (44,61%), setting (50%), offer (66,67%) and impersonal (61,04%) and verbal components are actor (14%), goal (14%), senser 14%), material (31,83%), declarative (52,96%) and rheme (66,67%). The interrelatedness of visual and verbal components were realized through comparative, additive, consequential and temporal relations based on Liu Y and O‟Halloran (2009). They were used to obtain satire descriptions which were realized into seven political components based on Lemke (1997). The results were obligatorily required components, such as desirability/ inclination, warrantability/ probability, normativity/ appropriateness and optional components, such as importance/ significance, comprehensibility/ obviousness, and humorousness/ seriousness.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menemukan komponen-komponen visual multimodal dan teks verbal pada satir politik melalui penelitian kartun dan mengilustrasikan secara spesifik bagaimana komponen-komponen tersebut dikaitkan untuk menkonstruksi makna satir. Data adalah kartun-kartun politik yang mengandung makna visual dan verbal. Data tersebut diambil dari Pinterest Website. Deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori metafungsi multimodal yang merupakan salah satu bidang analisis wacana kritis untuk mendeskripsikan komponen-komponen visual dan verbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori tata bahasa visual berdasarkan Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) untuk menganalisis teks visual dan menggunakan tiga metafungsi linguistik yaitu makna ideational, interpersonal dan tekstual berdasarkan Halliday (1994) untuk menganalisis teks verbal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, komponen-komponen visual adalah phenomenon (35%), undirectional transactional (44,61%), setting (50%), offer (66,67%) and impersonal (61,04%) dan komponen-komponen verbal adalah actor (14%), goal (14%), senser 14%), material (31,83%), declarative (52,96%) and rheme (66,67%.). Hubungan keterkaitan komponenvisual dan teks verbal diwujudkan kedalam comparative, additive, consequential dan temporal berdasarkan Liu Y dan O‟Halloran (2009). Hubungan keterkaitan komponen tersebut digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran-gambaran satir yang diwujudkan kedalam tujuh komponen kartun politik berdasarkan Lemke (1997). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, komponen-komponen wajib adalah desirability/ inclination, warrantability/ probability, normativity/ appropriateness dan komponen-komponen opsional adalah importance/ significance, comprehensibility/ obviousness, and humorousness/ seriousness.