Pengaruh Konsumsi Yodium Anak, Keluarga, Pengetahuan Ibu, Kualitas Air Minum dan Kualitas Garam terhadap Status Gaky Anak Sekolah Dasar Sukaramai Kecamatan Kerajaan Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat

Abstract

Iodine deficiency disorder is one of the health problems which still need attention and serious treatment. It is estimated that 18.8% of the people of Indonesia live in minor endemic areas, 4.2% in moderate endemic areas, and 4.5% in severe endemic areas. Pakpak Bharat District, a district separated from Dairi District, its parent district, is one of the areas with minor endemic level of iodine deficiency disorder with its prevalence TGR of 18.1%. The purpose of this explanatory survey study was to describe the causal relationship between the research variables through hypothesis testing. The population of this study was all of the Primary School students and their mothers, and 53 students and their mothers were selected to be the samples for this study. The data for this study were obtained through questionnaire-based interviews. The data obtained were analyzed through multiple logistic regression tests at level of confidence 95%. The result of this study showed the TGR in minor iodine deficiency disorder endemic area was 13. 2%. The result of Chi-square test showed that the variables of child jodium consumption (p = 0.002), mother's knowledge (p = 0.001), drinking water quality (p=0,001) and salt quality (p=0,004) had a significant relationship with iodine deficiency disorder status of Sukaramai Primary School students in Kerajaan Subdistrict. The result of multiple logistic regression tests showed that the variables of child jodium consumption (p = 0.024) and mother's knowledge (p = 0.018) had a significant relationship with iodine deficiency disorder status of Sukaramai Primary School students in Kerajaan Subdistrict. The variables of drinking water quality (p=0,825) and salt quality (p=0,180) did not had a significant relationship with iodine deficiency disorder status of Sukaramai Primary School students in Kerajaan Subdistrict Pakpak Bharat District Health Service is suggested to intensively cope with the iodine deficiency disorder in the improvement of community health extension, and cooperation between health agency and related agencies as an attempt to increase the health status of Primary School students, especially in an attempt to prevent the iodine deficiency disorder

Gangguan akibat kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang masih membutuhkan perhatian dan penanganan yang serius saat ini. Diperkirakan 18,8% penduduk Indonesia hidup di daerah endemik ringan, 4,2% di daerah endemik sedang dan 4,5% di daerah endemik berat. Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat merupakan pemekaran Kabupaten Dairi yang merupakan salah satu daerah dengan tingkat endemisitas ringan GAKY, di mana prevalensi TGR 18,1 %. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei explanatory yaitu untuk menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variabel penelitian melalui pengujian hipotesis. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SD dan ibu dari anak SD tersebut, dengan jumlah sampel 53 orang anak SD dan ibu anak SD. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara yang menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda pada tarafkepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan TGR sebesar 13,2% (daerah endemik GAKY Ringan). Hasil Uji chi square menunjukkan variabel konsumsi yodium anak (p=0,002), variabel pengetahuan ibu (p=0,001), variabel kualitas air minum (p=0,001) dan variabel kualitas garam (p=0,004) mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan Status GAKY anak SD Sukaramai di Kecamatan Kerajaan. Hasil uji regresi logistik berganda, menunjukkan variabel konsumsi yodium anak (p=0,024) dan pengetahuan ibu (p=0,018) berpengaruh se9ara signifikan terhadap status GAKY anak SD Sukaramai di Kecamatan Kerajaan. V ariabel kualitas air minmp (p=0,825) dan kualitas garam (p=0,180) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap status GAKY anak SD Sukaramai di Kecamatan Kerajaan Disarankan kepada dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat melalui puskesmas dan jaringannya perlu peningkatan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang GAKY kepada seluruh masyarakat serta perlu dilakukan kegiatan pengawasan pengadaan garam beryodium, melalui kerjasama secara lintas sektor dengan Dinas Perdagangan dan Perindustrian dalam upaya pencegahan gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium