Pelaksanaan Edukasi Cuci Tangan oleh Perawat pada Keluarga Pasien Rawat Inap di Instalasi Rindu A RSUP H. Adam Malik Tahun 2013

Abstract

Hospital is a place where sick person are given treatment and they are placed in a very close proximity that the incident of nosochomial infection infl,uencing the quality of service is highly vulnerable. H Adam Malik General Hospital has done several attempts to improve the handwashing facilities and training/campaign to

prevent the nosochomial infection, but the habit of handwashing has not yet deep- rooted in the patients and their families.

The purpose of this study was to look at the implementation of handwashing education by the nurse in the family of the in-patient patients at Rindu Installation of

H. Adam Malik General Hospital. The data for this study were obtained through in- depth interviews with 4 (four) informants. The data obtained were analyzed through

phenomenological approach. The result of this study showed that the factor of predisposition (knowledge, attitude and skill) of the nurses became the enabling factor in implementing the education of handwashing to the family of patients. The variation of knowledge, attitude and skill ofi each nurse became the factors causing the variation in implementating handwashing education to the family of patients. The enabling factor (handwashing facility) in a hospital played its role as the factors encouraging the nurse to be able to implement the handwashing education to the family of patients. It was found out that a limitation in the aspect of materials and equipment availability has made the patients not yet maximal in practicing handwashing. The reinforcing factors (training, policy, supervision and regulation) done by the hospital management encouraged the nurses to educate the family of patients on handwashing. Since not all of the nurses got training and there was a difference on perception between the nurses and the hospital management about the existing policy, supervision and regulation on the implementation of education, the implementation of handwashing education in the family of patients was not yet optimal. The management of H Adam Malik General Hospital is suggested to improve the knowledge of the nurses on handwashing education through the implementation of education and trainings as the basis for changes in attitudes and skills enhancement and to increase their support to thef urses that the nurses are willing to apply the handwashing education program, a d to provide all of the materials supporting the implementation of handwashing education in the family of patients.

Rumah sakit merupakan suatu tempat dimana orang yang sakit dirawat dan ditempatkan dalam jarak yang sangat dekat sehingga sangat rentan terjadi infeksi nosokomial yang sangat berpengaruh pad.a mutu pelayanan. RSUP H. Adam Malik telah membuat beberapa upaya peningkatan sarana dan pelatihan/k:ampanye cuci tangan untuk mencegah infeksi nosokomial, namun kebiasaan. mencuci tangan belumlah membudaya pada pasien dan keluarganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan edukasi yang dilakukan oleh perawat pada keluarga pasien rawat inap di Instalasi Rindu A RSUP H. Adam Malik dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap 4 orang informan. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor predisposisi (pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan) perawat menjadi faktor pemungkin dalam melakukan edukasi tentang cuci tangan kepada keluarga pasien. V ariasi pengetahuan, sikap maupun keterampilan setiap perawat menjadi faktor penyebab pelaksanaan edukasi cuci tangan kepada keluarga pasien juga bervariasi. Faktor enabling (fasilitas cuci tangan) di rumah sakit berperan sebagai faktor pendorong perawat mampu melakukan edukasi kepada keluarga pasien. Ditemukan kekurangan dalam aspek ketersediaan bahan dan alat menyebabkan belum maksimalnya pasien melakukan cuci tangan. Faktor reinforcing (pelatihan, kebijakan, pengawasan clan peraturan) yang dilakukan manajemen rumah sakit mendorong perawat melakukan edukasi kepada keluarga pasien tentang cuci tangan. Belum seluruhnya perawat mendapat pelatihan serta adanya perbedaan persepsi antara perawat dengan manajemen rumah sak:it tentang kebijakan, pengawasan serta peraturan dalam pelaksanaan edukasi menyebabkan belum optimalnya pelaksanaan edukasi cuci tangan kepada keluarga pasien. Disarankan kepada RSUP H. Adam Malik perlu peningkatan pengetahuan perawat tentang edukasi cuci tangan melalui pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan sebagai landasan perubahan sikap dan peningkatan keterampilan. Peningkatan dukungan kepada perawat, agar mempunyai kemauan untuk menerapkan program edukasi cuci tangan serta penyediaan bahan-bahan yang mendukung terlaksananya program cuci tangan kepada keluarga pasien