Uji Efek Antikanker Ekstrak Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) terhadap Sel T47D Resisten; Siklus Sel dan Apoptosis sebagai Biomarker

Abstract

The cells may lose the ability to control the process of division or suppression growth of cells. This can occur when there is damage to genetic material that affects the process of cell cycle and apoptosis. Damage to the genetic material causes cancer and resistance problem. One of the plant material that may affect the cell cycle and apoptosis are African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). This study was conducted to test anticancer effects of African leaves extraction the T47D cells through the cytotoxic test, molecuiar evolution assay (MEA), the cell cycle, apoptosis, and testing of protein expression. The extract of African leaves was made through the maceration graded process used solvent based on the level of polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol), followed by determination of the water content of powder simplicia and phytochemical screening simplicia powder and extracts. Testing toxicity to T47D cells used MTT method, manufacture T47D cell resistance to doxorubicin used iv1EA method, testing the cell cycle and apoptosis used flow cytometry methods, and testing of protein expression of p-53 and Bcl-2 T47D resistant cells used immunocytochemistry method. The result determination of the water content of powder simplicia was 7,97%. Results of phytochemical screening simplicia powder and extracts derived flavonoid, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids. The results of toxicity testing T47D cells showed ICso 164.853 ± 1.883 µg/mL for ENDA, 55.503 ± 0.789 µg/mL for EEADA and 311.717 ± 4.149 µg/mL for EEDA. MEA results by increasing the value of ICso of doxorubicin on T47D cells produce T47D cells that resistant to doxorubicin. Toxicity testing of EEADA on T47D resistant cells showed IC5o 59.187 ± 0.548 µg/mL. Testing of EEADA on the apoptosis and cell cycle T47D resistant cells in fact stimulated apoptosis (4.47%) and capabled of inhibiting the cell division cycle at G0-G 1 phase ( 46.18%) and could increased the p-53 protein expression and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein.