Pengembangan Indikator dan Instrumen Kualitas Hidup Penderita pufa/PUFA pada Anak-Anak Berumur 6-12 Tahun di Kota Medan

Abstract

Backgrountl: So fa1 there is no data of to what extent the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries have impacted the quality of life of the school age children of 6 -12 years old in the Province of Sumatera Utara. Quality of life is one of the important things that is related to oral health status. Many instruments have been developed to measure the oral health related quality of life, but there is none to measure the quality of life related to the clinical consequences of advanced dental caries (pufa/PUFA). Aims: The aim of this study was to develop an instrument measuring the quality of life based on the more comprehensive analysis related to pufa/PUFA on the children of 6 - 12 years old in the Provinee of Sumatera Utara and to analyze the contribution of pufa/PUFA to the quality of life of the children of 6 - 12 years old in Medan. Methods: This study is a qualitative and quantitative (mixed method) study conducted in two stages. The first stage is explorative qualitative study to develop the draft of the instrument to measure the index of quality of life and then the initial test was conducted on 34 children of 6 - 12 years old. The draft of the instrument measured the impact of advanced dental caries on five dimensions: functional limitation, physical, emotional, social, and school. The second stage is sonfirmative quantitative study with cross-sectional approach to test the validity and reliability of the draft of the instrument produced in the fust stage by using correlation test and Cronbach's Alpha test. The samples for this study were 400 primary school students of 6 - 12 years old in Medan, stratifically collected through Multistage Cluster Random Sampling method. The data for this study were obtained through ctinical oral examination by using the PUFA Index and filling out questionnaires/the instrument of the quality of life of the children of 6 - 12 years old suffering from PUFA/pufa. Results: The result of the first stage study was in the form of the construction of the index of quatity of life of the children of 6 - 12 years old suffering from pufa,/PUFA, consisting of the sociodemography factor (the age and gender of the children), predisposition factor (knowledge, attitude, and practice of the children), and support factor (family support) related to Ievel of pufa/PUFA suffered by a child; the quality of life of the children suffering from pufa,/PUFA comprising 5 (frve) forming dimensions (functional limitation, physical, emotional, social, and school) and 5 indicators for each dimension; the factors of parents' sociodemography (parents' education, occupation, and income) and the enabling factor (cost of treatment) related to the level of PUFA/pufa suffered by a child. The coefficient of validity of the functional limitation dimension was 0.847, physical dimension was 0.877, emotional dimension was 0.891, social dimension was 0.845, and school dimension was 0.839. The coefficient of reliability of the functional limitation dimension was 0.85, physical dimension was 0.84, emotional dimension was 0.87, social dimension was 0.84, and school dimension r.vas 0.89. Conclusions: Children's oral health status (pufa/PUFA) is related to their quality of life. The higher (worse) the pufa/PUFA score of a child, the worse the value of the index of the quality of life of a child. This study resulted an instrument to measure the children oral health related quality of life appropriate for the children of 6 - 12 years old with pufalPUFA. The instrument is called the COHRQoL-25 Index (Child Orai Health Related Quality of Life -25)