Analisis Pengaruh Usaha Mikro Kecil terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja dan Kesejahteraan Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Micro and small enterprises (UMK) are businesses that absorb the most labor in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the demand for Pappas and Mark Hirshey derivatives on micro and small businesses in North Sumatra. The absorption of MSEs is a derivative labor demand because the demand is based on the development of micro and small enterprises in North Sumatra Province. This study modifies Pappas and Mark Hirshey's theory by adding supporting variables that support the Pareto welfare theory. SMEs in North Sumatra. The analytical method used is the simultaneous analysis method using panel data sourced from BPS for a period of 3 years, 2017 to 2019 in 30 districts/cities of North Sumatra. The results of the first stage show that the minimum wage variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the absorption of MSEs in North Sumatra, does not support the theory of wage efficiency and wage rigidity. The population variable has a significant positive effect on the absorption of MSEs in North Sumatra, supporting the Marxist and Ibn Khaldun theory. The MSE investment variable has a significant positive effect on the employment of MSEs in North Sumatra, supporting Pappas and Mark Hirschey's theory. The second equation shows that the digitization of MSEs has a positive and insignificant effect on the welfare of MSEs in North Sumatra, it does not support Schumpeter's theory and Media Equation Theory. The variable cost of MSEs has a significant positive effect on the welfare of MSEs in North Sumatra, supporting the Carters & Milton theory and Lipsey's theory. The MSE entrepreneurship variable has no significant positive effect on the welfare of MSE actors in North Sumatra, it does not support the theory of Bakker and Zimmerer & Scarborough. The variable of employment of MSEs has a significant positive effect on the welfare of MSEs in North Sumatra, supporting the Pareto theory and the Welfare States. This finding modifies Pappas & Mark Hirshey's theory with the addition of other supporting variables, namely the digitalization of MSEs, MSE costs, and MSE entrepreneurship which gave birth to a diagram of the welfare of MSEs in North Sumatra. This study concludes that the demand theory derived from Pappas and Mark Hirshey is needed to support the Pareto welfare theory in micro and small enterprises in North Sumatra Province. The result of the second stage (reduction equation) is that the variable number of population and MSE investment can increase the absorption of MSE workers and the variables of MSE actors.