Hubungan Retraksi Gigi Insisivus Maksila terhadap Perubahan Ketebalan Tulang Alveolar Labial dan Palatal pada Maloklusi Klas I Skeletal

Abstract

The basic concept of orthodontic tooth movement is the occurrence of bone remodeling that is directly proportional to tooth movement. The thickness of the alveolar bone that supports the anterior teeth is an important consideration in estimating the magnitude and direction of tooth movement. The aims of this study is to determine the differences and the relationship between the thickness of the maxillary alveolar bone in linear and angular directions and the differences in the thickness of the alveolar bone in anterior tooth retraction with the type of tipping and torque movement in skeletal Class I malocclusions. The study design was analytic observational using 40 lateral cephalograms before and after treatment. Maxillary alveolar bone thickness was measured in the crestal (3 mm from CEJ), mid-root (6 mm from CEJ), and apical (9 mm from CEJ) areas, in the angular direction measured from 2 tangent lines between the marginal alveolar bone and the tooth root, then the samples were divided into 2 groups based on the type of movement of the tipping and torque. Comparative analysis of the Wilcoxon test to analyze differences in bone thickness and Spearman's correlative analysis were used to analyze the relationship of bone remodeling with other variables. The results of this study in the linear direction there was a significant difference in the apical palate (p<0.05) and there was a relationship between retraction and alveolar bone thickness in the mid-root area, while in the angular direction there was no significant difference and relationship. There was a significant difference in bone thickness in the labial crestal on tipping, whereas in the torque group the difference in bone thickness occurred in the crestal and apical palatal areas. The difference in the thickness of the alveolar bone is influenced by retraction and the type of tooth movement. The risk of alveolar bone loss and the anatomical limitations of the labial and palatal bones are important considerations during anterior tooth retraction.