Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Ikan Serta Keterkaitannya dengan Kualitas Perairan d Danau Toba

Abstract

The diversity and abundance of fish and the relation with the physical and chemical in Lake Toba, has been analyzed in January 2008 - April 2008. In order to determine sample location is using "Purpose Random Sampling" and sample taken by using net. Sample identification held in the center of Environment Effect Research (PUSLITDAL) and in The Laboratory of PSDAL FMIPA USU. The result of this research showed physical and chemical nature in Lake Toba Waterway (temperature, TDS, clarity, pH, BOD, COD, DO, NO3-N, NO2-N, iron, chlor, sulphate) still in apropriate limitation your fishes except phosphate, nitrate and amonia, meanwhile based on PP No.82 year 2001 and Storet Method. Toba Lake Waterway including middle and high pollutant. Based on biological parameter colifecal Toba Lake Waterway tend to low pollutant. In Toba Lake Waterway have been found I class of fish such as Osteicthyes with 3 ordo such as Cypriniformes, Perciformes, Ostariophysii and 5 families such as Cypirinidae, Chichilidae, Chanidae, Claridae, Cebitidae also 10 genus and 10 species including Cyprinus carpio, Puntius sp. Gobio sp, Tilapia sp, Oreochromis sp, Channa lucius, Opheochepalus sp, Clarias sp, Nemachilus fasciatus and Rasbora sp). The highest fishes density come from Pora-pora fish (Puntius sp) with grade 0,13 perm2, whereas the lowest is Bujuk fish (Channa lucius) with grade 0,01 perm2. Fish type with the highest presentation is Pora-pora (Puntius sp) for about 55% meanwhile the lowest is Bujuk (Channa lucius) for about 10%. The diversity index of fish in the three research stations are between 1,261,70 with diversity index 0,87 - 0,94. Similarity index among three stations are about 44,44% -54,54%. The result of Pearson correlation test showed that Pb and BOD not correlated or contrary with real effect toward diversity and overflowing in Lake Toba Waterway.