Catalytic Cracking Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Dengan Katalis Zeolit (ZSM-5) Menjadi Biofuel

Abstract

Biofuel such as biodiesel, biogasoline is very interested for researchers to develop environmentally friendly and is also free of sulphur and nitrogen. It is biodegradable, non-toxic, and typically produces about 60% less carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from petroleum-based diesel. The main problems in producing biofuels with cracking is the high cost that can be reduced by using cheaper raw materials and catalysts. Therefore, in this study of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of raw quality materials which are not purified and much cheaper than refined oils, such as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) with a zeolite catalyst ZSM 5. Some advantages of acid catalyst are needed in cracking because of its selective reaction. This catalyst has a mole ratio of Si / Al 50 and a surface area of 425 m2 / g. HZSM-5 has a smaller pore size than C11 hydrocarbons. Factors that influence the reaction such as reaction temperature and reaction time. The conditions for obtaining biofuel composition (C7 - C11 and C12 - C16) produced in 150 minutes, at a temperature of 475 oC and 425°C, respectively 24,73% and 36,10%. The conditions to obtain the highest yield OLP (organic liquid product) produced in Biofuel such as biodiesel, biogasoline is very interested for researchers to develop environmentally friendly and is also free of sulphur and nitrogen. It is biodegradable, non-toxic, and typically produces about 60% less carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from petroleum-based diesel. The main problems in producing biofuels with cracking is the high cost that can be reduced by using cheaper raw materials and catalysts. Therefore, in this study of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of raw quality materials which are not purified and much cheaper than refined oils, such as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) with a zeolite catalyst ZSM 5. Some advantages of acid catalyst are needed in cracking because of its selective reaction. This catalyst has a mole ratio of Si / Al 50 and a surface area of 425 m2 / g. HZSM-5 has a smaller pore size than C11 hydrocarbons. Factors that influence the reaction such as reaction temperature and reaction time. The conditions for obtaining biofuel composition (C7 - C11 and C12 - C16) produced in 150 minutes, at a temperature of 475 oC and 425°C, respectively 24,73% and 36,10%. The conditions to obtain the highest yield OLP (organic liquid product) produced in 120 minutes, at a temperature of 450°C by 95.69%. The results showed that the catalytic cracking using PFAD suitable as low cost feedstock for biofuel production 120 minutes, at a temperature of 450°C by 95.69%. The results showed that the catalytic cracking using PFAD suitable as low cost feedstock for biofuel productio