Pemanfaatan Serbuk Serat Ampas Tebu Termodifikasi sebagai Pengisi Komposit Hibrid Plastik Bekas Kemasan Gelas/Serat Ampas Tebu/Serat Kaca dengan Penambahan Bahan Penyerasi Maleat Anhidrida - g - Polipropilena

Abstract

Hybrid composite is one of the new generations in composite family. In hybrid composite, different reinforcements are introduced into polymer matrix to enhance its properties. The addition of extra reinforcement is meant to overcome the weakness of the preceded reinforcement. In this study, hybrid composite of wasted polypropylene (WPP)/modified bagasse flour (MBF)/E-type glass fiber flour (GFF) with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene (MAPP) addition were prepared. As comparison, composites without MAPP addition, composite with no fillers and composite with one type of reinforcements were also prepared. GFF and MAPP composition were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively and MBF composition was varied from 10 - 40 wt.%. Surface modification was applied to bagasse flour in order to diminish its polarity so that it could be compatible with the non - polar wasted polypropylene matrix. Chemical modification was performed by reacting bagasse flour with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 1% at 30 oC for 2 hours. The hybrid composite was prepared by mixing the composite‟s components mechanically and then introduced the mixture into an extruder. The result of FTIR characterization had approved that alkali modification had successfully decreasing the polarity of the MBF. In addition, it also verified that both reinforcements had made an interaction with the WPP matrix. The tensile properties measurements showed that addition of 20 wt.% MBF had given maximum tensile strength of 26,7 MPa. On the other hand, the elongation at break value was continuously decreasing while Young modulus was increased. Maximum flexural and impact strength of 32,4 MPa and 46,6 J/cm2 were achieved in addition of 30 wt.% of MBF. Inclusion of MAPP and 10 wt.% of GFF had been proven to play significant role in enhancing the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. These mechanical properties results were supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Water absorption analysis showed that the ability of the composite to absorb water was confirmed to incline by the increase of the SSAT composition and water absorption of composites with MAPP addition was verified to be lower than composites without MAPP addition in the same fillers content. Furthermore, fiber volume fraction analysis was also performed, its result showed that the increment of fillers composition could increase the fiber volume fraction, and composites with MAPP addition gained lower fiber volume fraction than composites without MAPP addition when the same fillers composition were inserted.