Adsorpsi Β-karoten yang Terkandung dalam Minyak Kelapa Sawit (Crude Palm Oil) Menggunakan Adsorben Karbon Aktif

Abstract

Crude palm oil (CPO) is a natural resources that is rich in carotenoid. Carotenoid in CPO (500-700 ppm) gives the reddish-orange color in crude palm oil characteristics. The color of unprocessed palm oil is disliked by consumer. This research is aimed to adsorb the β–carotene from the CPO using activated carbon and to obtain the kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamics data of the adsorption process. The materials used in this research were CPO and activated carbon. The observed parameters were β–carotene final concentration and the amounts of adsorbed β–carotene in activated carbon. The adsorption process was conducted by mixing the adsorbent with CPO with the variation of adsorbent: CPO (w/w) ratio = 1:3; 1:4; 1:5 and 1:6 with steering speed 120 rpm and the temperature of 40oC, 50oC and 60oC. The sample was analyzed at every 2 minutes until the equilibrium was achieved. The final concentration of the unadsorbed β– carotene was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the more CPO used in the process, the lower the adsorption percentage. The higher the adsorption temperature, the higher adsorption percentage. In this research, the maximum adsorption percentage was 95,1086% obtained at ratio 1:3 and T = 60 oC. The adsorption isotherm model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption at T = 60 oC was Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient of 0,9590. The adsorption kinetics model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption was the second order kinetics model with the correlation coefficient of 0,9987. The thermodynamics data obtained from the adsorption process a value of were ΔG = -24.482,4845; -24.708,0595 and -24.933,6345 (J/mol) for temperature of 40 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC respectively, ΔS = 22,5575 (J/mol K), and ΔH = -17.421,9870 (J/mol).