Hubungan Pemberian ASI/MP ASI Masa Bayi dengan Tumbuh Kembang Dentokraniofasial dan Kejadian Maloklusi pada Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun Kajian pada Suku Melayu dan Batak

Abstract

Background: There're many advantages that can be achieved through breastfeeding. Baby gets nutrition with the ideal nutrition, the best enzyme, antibody and pschoiogically making the connection between a baby and the mom closer. The promotion on the advantage of breastfeeding hasn't entered the denJistry field. During the process of sucking, baby needs greater energy so that the breastrnilk will come out more. The movement of the lips, cheeks, tongue and the mandible while sucking breastnillq are carried out withiegular rythm *a *iU continuously affect the dentocraniofacial growth and development. Aims: This study was conducted to analyse correlation between breastfeeding substitute during infancy with the growth and development of the dentocraniofacial reglon and malocclusion on 3 to 5 years old children on the Malay ethnic and the Bataknese. Research Method: The observational research with the rehospective cohort study. Interviews's carried out to mothers with questionnare as the guidance and the measurement of the height of head,length of head, width of dental arch, length of dental arch, cifcuiriference of dental arch and height of palate in 3 to 5 years old children whose infancy received breastrnilk/breastmilk substitute. Result: The average measurement on children whose infacy were given breastnilk on Malay ethnic were cephalic height 8,78 + 0,36, cephalic lLgh 16,90*0,70 and vertical cephalic index 51,70 + 3,68. on the Bataknese, cephalic height 8,29*0,35, cephalic lenglh 16,00 *. 0,79 and vertical cephalic index 51,63L2,58. Children who didn't rrceive b,reastnilk on Malay etlrnic cephalic height 8,29 * 0,29, cephalic length 16,30 + 0,38 and vertical cephalic index 50,38 + 1,66. Children who didn't receive breastnilk on the Bataknese, cephalic height 7 ,96 + 0,26, cephalic length 15,50 + 0,39 and vertical cephalic index 51,63 + 1,60. The average of cephalic height, cephalic length, vertical cephalic index, maxillary arch width, mo<illary arch depth and maxillary arch length on children whose infancy were given breastnilk were greater than those who didn't receive breastnilk. The average of cephalic height and cephaiic length on children whose infacy were given breastnilk on Malay sthnic were greater than the Bataknese. Vertical cephilic index on Bataknese *as greater thari Malay ethnic. The average of dental arch and palatal depth on children whose infancy were given breastnilk in truo ethnic groups were greater than those who didn't receive breastrnilk. On Malay etlnic, maxillary canine arch width 31,03+2,12, ma;rillary molar arch width 47,0&2,0& canine arch depth 12,06*1,73, molar arch depth 28,65L2,27, anterior segment arch length 33,5fu2,54, posterior segment arch length 28,94+2,28 and palatal depth 14,36+1,49. The analysis result showed that on Malay ethnic there's a correlation between breastfeeding/breastnilk substitute with all the variables of meastuement (p<0.05). on the Bataknese, there's no correlation between breastfeeding with vertical cephalic index, anterior segment arch length posterior segment arch length and palatal depth. There's difference ilt among the cephalic height, cephalic length, maxillary canine arch width, maxillary molar arch width, canine arch depth, molar arch depth, anterior segment arch length, posterior segment arch length and palatal depth on children who received breastnilk during infancy in Malay ethnic compared to the Bataknese. Conclusion: Breastfeeding/breastnrilk substitute will stimulate growth and development of the dentocraniofacial region, which can affect the size of dental arch which's the main factor in reaching good occlusion.