Kajian Mengenai Pemanfaatan Pulp Tandan Kosong Sawit untuk Pembuatan Selulosa Nitrat

Abstract

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is one of the biggest solid waste produced by oil palm plantation, which contains the biggest cellulose content of the other components like fibrous parts of palm fruit, shell of kernel, tree trunk, and stem and midrid of palm, that is 45,95 %. This research try to studi of the use of OP EFB pulp for making cellulose nirate. The purpose of pulping process is to reduce lignin ( delignification) from fibre of cellulose (low of kappa number). Cellulose nitrate is one of the first commercial polymer and one of the important ester for various need. Depending on the degree of titration, cellulose nitrat is used to make guncotton, photographic film, lacquer, fibre of textile, some of molding application (such us for substitution of ivory to make billiard ball) and fuel of rocket. OPEFB pulp made by kraft process used NaOH and Na2Swith the condition ofprocess are active alkali 17 %, suljiditas 25 %, ratio 4:1, maximum temperature 165 °C, time to temperature 2 hours, time at temperature 1,5 hours, produce kappa number 16,68 and a-cellulose 75,93 %. OPEFB pulp was triated by using nitric acid and phosphate acid (catalyst) and analysis by Kjeldahl Method, produce the biggest mean of Nitrogen's percentages, that is 2,427 % in the area temperature 20 °C, concentration of solution HNO3 : H3PO4 with ratio 60, 18 : 29, 63 %, and time of reaction 9 hours. Cellulose characteristic in OPEFB pulp identification by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) showed hidroksil groups (-OH) at 3382,9 cm 1 , C-H alifatik at 2900, 7 cm 1 , -OH stretch vibration from alcohol at 1373,2 cm 1 , C-O-C glikosida at 1056;9 cm 1 , C-O-C saturated cyclical at 1164,9 cm 1 , and C-H group special piranosa at 898,8 cm 1 . Whereas characteristic of cellulose nitrate product by FT IR showed nitramine asymmetric ( 1627,8 cm 1 ) dan nitramine symmetric ( 1284,5 cm 1 ), and nitrate ester asymmetric (1627,8 - 1643,2 cm-1 ) and nitrate ester syn;metric (284, 5 cm-1 ).