Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel Pati Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus) dan Konsentrasi Asam Klorida (HCl) Sebagai Pelarut Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Berpengisi Kitosan dengan Pemlastis Sorbitol

Abstract

Biodegradable packaging plastic (bioplastic) is an environmental friendly plastic. Bioplastics can be made from renewable materials such as starch, vegetable oils and etc. Nowadays plastic used is a synthetic polymer, made from petroleum (non-renewable) that can not be degraded by microorganisms in the environment. This study aims to determine the characteristics and gelatinizatio profile of durian seeds starch, investigate the effect of particle size of durian seeds starchand concentration of hydrochloric acid to solute on the properties of tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption and gelatinisasi profile ofbioplastics of starch durian seeds. On this research, using the casting method in the manufacture of bioplastics by mixing starch durian seed which the starch particle size was varied (50, 70, 100, 140, 200 mesh), chitosan 3% w/v dissolved in hydrochloric acid with various concentrations (0.9 ; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; and 1.3% v/v) and 9 grams of sorbitol. The results obtained durian seed starch content of 86.82%, 15.7% moisture content, amylose content of 36.32%, and 63.68% amylopectin content. Analysis of the nature of the pasta with the method of Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) shows the starch gelatinization temperature durian seeds of 69,5o C with peak viscosity 5783 cP. While the starch bioplastics gelatinisasi durian seeds has a temperature of 69.2 °C with a peak of 7232 cP viscosity. From the results of FT IR analysis, no changes in the functional groups O-H, which is happening is a shift wave number of functional groups of 3452.58 cm-1 to 3537.45 cm-1. Hasi analysis of tensile strength, starch bioplastics durian seed has the best tensile strength values at 140 mesh particle size and concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.9%, amounting to 11,633 MPa. Bioplastics produced has the best properties of elongation at break at 140 mesh particle size and concentration of hydrochloric acid 1.3%, amounting to 6.60%.