Kajian Terhadap Penyediaan Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis) dengan Metode Hidrolisis Menggunakan Asam Klorida ( HCl )

Abstract

Research on the study of provision microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (Elaesis guineensis) by hydrolysis method using hydrochloric acid (HCl) aims to determine the concentrations of HCl and most optimum temperature hydrolysis in producing microcrystalline cellulose. Making the microcrystalline cellulose is composed of two phases, they are alkalization and acid hydrolysis. Alkalization stage is done by soaking cellulose oil palm empty fruit bunches with 17.5% NaOH solution to produce α-cellulose, then acid hydrolysis stage is done by hydrolyzed α-cellulose with various concentrations HCl such as 2 N, 2,5 N, 3 N and 3,5 N and various temperature such as 65°C, 70°C, 75 °C and 80°C to produce microcrystalline cellulose. Analysis was conducted on the physicochemical properties through observation organoleptic, pH test, drying on loss, and substances soluble in water and characterization usingthe instrument such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) each conducted to determine the molecular structure, crystallinity index and morphology of microcrystalline cellulose produced. In this research, the optimum conditions resulting microcrystalline cellulose hydrolysis process is at concentration of HCl 2,5N 75 temperature which has characteristics such as powder form of fine and white, the pH value of 7, the value of water-soluble substances 0,2%, the value of drying shrinkage of 1,57% and has met the requirements of the British Pharmacopeia 2009. The result of characterization with FTIR shows that absorbance of OH group function at microcrystalline cellulose decrease or lower (3340 cm-1) than two other samples. Then there is CH2 streching from metoxcil aromatic group at microcrystalline cellulose also having decrease absorbance value. The result of XRD shows that microcrystalline cellulose is really crystal phase was indicated by two peaks which is relative sharper than two other samples exactly at angle (2θ) 20° and 22°. Crystallinity index of microcrystalline cellulose at concentration HCl 2,5 N 75 °C are 72.9%, meanwhile the resulf of SEM shows that microfibril size from microcrystalline cellulose has been changed to smaller than two other samples