Pengaruh Variasi Pengisi Kitosan dan Konsentrasi Asam Klorida (HCl) Sebagai Pelarut Kitosan Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Pati Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus) dengan Pemlastis Gliserol

Abstract

Bioplastic or organic plastic are polymers derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils, starch, cellulose and others. This study examines the characteristics of bioplastic produced from waste durian seeds. The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of durian seed starch and investigate the effect of adding chitosan and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as solvent of chitosan on density, water absorbtion, tensile strength, elongation at break, fungtional group, gelatinization profile and morphology of bioplastic from durian seed starch. Manufacture of bioplastic used casting method with starch solution 20 w/v. The variation added mass of chitosan are 3,0 w/v ; 3,5 w/v ; 4,0 w/v ; 4,5 w/v and 5,0 w/v, and variation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration are 0,9%v ; 1,0%v ; 1, 1%v ; 1,2%v dan 1,3%v. The results of experiments show that durian seed have starch content 86,82%, amylose content 36,32%, amylopectin content 50,50%. Analysis of gelatinization profile which is measured by Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) method, showed that durian seed starch has gelatinization temperature 69,65o C with high peak viscosity 5783 cP and bioplastic from durian seed starch has gelatinization temperature 69,65o C with peak viscosity 5843 cP. From analyzing FTIR of bioplastic with addition of chitosan showed no change in the fungtional groups, but the addition of fungtional groups O–H at wave number 3603,03 cm-1 and 3649,32 cm-1 and N–H groups apppears at wave number 1546,91 cm-1. The Best of bioplastic in this reseach is at adding of 5,0% w chitosan and 0,9%v HCl which produces density 1,747 gram/cm3 , water absorption 7,69%, tensile strength 6,396 Mpa and elongation at break 10,715%.