Pengaruh Komposisi Bahan Pengeras (Gypsum) terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Papan Partikel Resin Poliester Berpengisi Serbuk Kulit Keramg

Abstract

The requirement for wood each year continues to increase while the availability of wood as a raw material continue to decline and can not suffice the needs. One effort to overcome this is to use non-wood materials such as seashells and polyester resin as raw material for particle board. The purpose of this study is to determine the best composition of reinforcement material in the gypsum composition ratio of the polyester-shells in the manufacture of particle board. In this study, particle board made with unsaturated polyester resins as a matrix and mixed with shells as filler powder with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as catalyst. To improve the characteristics of particle board, gypsum added to reinforcement material. Polyester resin selected as the matrix for ease in fabrication process and easy to obtain. Powder shells selected for the content of seashells blood that makes it possible to strengthen the composite and utilize the shells of blood that is considered as waste restaurant and gypsum have been selected as toughening agent because gypsum contains CaO component to improve the mechanical properties of particle boards and gypsum is cheap. The materials used in making composites are unsaturated polyester resins, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide catalyst, seashells and gypsum powder. Seashells crushed into powder in advance by using a ball mill and sieved to produce a particle size of 290 mesh. Particle board is made by mixing powder 290 mesh shells into polyester resin with a catalyst added to the composition of 30:70 and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide at 1% along with reinforcement material gypsum from a resin. The composition of the toughening agent used in this study consisted of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. The mixture was stirred until uniform and then molded using a hot press. Particle board that has been manufactured and then tested the physical properties and mechanical properties. The result of this research are analysis of FT IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) show that the toughening agent gypsym attached with clamshell and resin polyester. The best reslut for physical and mechanical properties particle board are density 1,580 g / ml, water content 0,2491%, swelling thickness 0,358%, the modulus of rupture (MOR) 47,081 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) 249,09 MPa, internal bond (IB) 15,809 MPa and impact strength 10793.99 J /M2