Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Limbah Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalis Heterogen K2O yang Berasal dari Limbah Kulit Kakao: Pengaruh Persen Katalis dan Waktu Reaksi

Abstract

Biodiesel is an eco-friendly alternative fuels because derivided from vegetable oils or animal fats. Waste cooking oil is a waste oil that comes from many type of cooking oils such as corn oil, vegetable oil, sanin oil, and ect. The purpose of this research is the use of waste cooking oil as a raw material to form biodiesel with K2O as the solid catalyst. The solid catalyst derived from cocoa pod ash(CPA). The CPAis calcined to form K2O as catalyst with temperature 650o C within 4 hours. This oil contain a high level of FFA that is 3.13%. Therefore, pretreatment should be done using activated carbon (1% w / w of raw materials) to reduce levels of FFA. The resultingproduct from pretreatment phase is transesterified to form biodiesel and glycerol. The research observe the effect of reaction time and the percentage of catalyst. The characteristics of biodiesel is analyzed according to the levels of methyl ester in biodiesel, density, and viscosity based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The best conditions of biodiesel are obtained with the amount of catalyst 6% (w/w) that is calcined at 650 °C, reaction time 180 minute, ratio mol of alcohol : oil 12: 1, and temperature of reaction 65o C, resulting the purity and yield of biodiesel is 99,8% and 92,68%/ in sequence. The results of this research indicates that the use of waste cooking as a raw material is suitable in the manufacture of biodiesel.