Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi HCl sebagai Pelarut Kitosan dan Temperatur Pemanasan Bioplastik terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Pati Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus) Berpengisi Kitosan dengan Plasticizer Sorbitol

Abstract

The production of starch based bioplastic from durian seed as polymer matrix with addition of chitosan as filler and sorbitol as plasticizer were investigated. The aim of this research to obtain the effect of HCl concentration as chitosan solvent on the mechanical properties of bioplastics included density, tensile strength, elongation at break, functional group using FT-IR, surface morphology using SEM, and Water Absorption. Starch is the raw material for bioplastics which extracted by the durian seeds, then characterized to determine its chemical composition. The production of bioplastic method used in this research was casting method. Variation of HCl concentration used 0,8%, 0.9%v, 1.0%v, 1.1%v, 1.2%v and 1.3%v, while the variation for bioplastic heating temperature were 70 oC; 72.5 oC; 75 oC; 77.5 oC; dan 80 oC. Bioplastic were analyzed physical and chemical properties. From the analysis, best condition of bioplastics obtained at HCl concentration 0.9%v with temperature 70 oC for tensile strength 10.630 MPa, elongation at break 8,207 %, density 2,319 gr/cm3 , and water absorption 10,017 %. From the results of FT-IR analysis indicated O-H group and N-H group on bioplastics due to the addition of chitosan and sorbitol. The results of mechanical properties were supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the bioplastic with chitosan as filler and plasticizer sorbitol have the fracture surfaces were smooth, soft and compact.