Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao (Cacao Pod Husk) Menjadi Katalis Heterogen K2O Pada PembuatanBiodiesel Dari Limbah Minyak Jelantah :Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi Katalis

Abstract

Calcination is one way to take advantage of K2O content of cocoa pods husks potential as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel. The purpose of calcination include thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of the volatile fractions, formation of oxides such as potassium oxide (K2O), and reaction with a buffer oxide and enlarge the pores of the catalyst. The purpose of this research is the utilization of waste pod husks as heterogeneous catalysts in the manufacture of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The catalyst preparation procedure of the cocoa shell ash is waste cocoa husk first cleaned by washing, so free from impurities such as mud and other substances. The peel then cut into small pieces and dried in the sun for two weeks to reduce the water content of the cocoa peel and smoothed by using ballmill. After that, the peel cocoa fruit sieved 100 mesh. Taken as much as 50 grams (dry basis) of the cocoa fruit peel samples calcined to form the catalyst K2O with temperatures of 650, 700 and 750 ° C within 4 hours in muffle furnace with a heating rate of 0-25 ° C / min. In this study, an analysis that is proximate analysis such as the water content of the sample and the catalyst, volatile matter, ash content, yield of ash, fixed carbon, pH and also do analysis of the pore structure of the catalyst by using analysis of SEM-EDS analysis and potassium (K2O) with AAS analysis. Then the cocoa shell ash catalyst in doing testing in the manufacture of cooking oil-based biodiesel. This oil contains a high FFA content is 3.13%, so we need pretreatment purification using activated carbon (1% w / w of raw materials) to lower levels of FFA and FFA levels gained 0.82%. The product resulting from stage pretratment then transesterified to form biodiesel.The transesterification process to form methyl ester and glycerol. Methyl ester product in the upper layer is separated from the glycerol and then washed. The study looked at the effect of reaction time and the influence of the catalyst calcination temperature. Analysis Characteristics include the levels of methyl ester biodiesel, density, and viscosity by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The best conditions are obtained the purity of 99.58% with a methyl ester methyl ester yield of 92.68% with a mole ratio of alcohol and the use of used cooking oil 12: 1, a reaction temperature of 65o C, the amount of catalyst is 6% (w / w) which are calcined at a temperature of 650 ° C and reaction time of 180 minutes. The results of the present study indicate that the use of cocoa peel and used cooking oil is a catalyst and cheap raw materials suitable in the manufacture of biodiesel.