| dc.description.abstract | Calcination is one way to take advantage of K2O content of cocoa pods husks
potential as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel. The purpose of calcination
include thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of the volatile fractions,
formation of oxides such as potassium oxide (K2O), and reaction with a buffer oxide
and enlarge the pores of the catalyst. The purpose of this research is the utilization
of waste pod husks as heterogeneous catalysts in the manufacture of biodiesel from
waste cooking oil. The catalyst preparation procedure of the cocoa shell ash is waste
cocoa husk first cleaned by washing, so free from impurities such as mud and other
substances. The peel then cut into small pieces and dried in the sun for two weeks to
reduce the water content of the cocoa peel and smoothed by using ballmill. After
that, the peel cocoa fruit sieved 100 mesh. Taken as much as 50 grams (dry basis) of
the cocoa fruit peel samples calcined to form the catalyst K2O with temperatures of
650, 700 and 750 ° C within 4 hours in muffle furnace with a heating rate of 0-25 ° C
/ min. In this study, an analysis that is proximate analysis such as the water content
of the sample and the catalyst, volatile matter, ash content, yield of ash, fixed carbon,
pH and also do analysis of the pore structure of the catalyst by using analysis of
SEM-EDS analysis and potassium (K2O) with AAS analysis. Then the cocoa shell ash
catalyst in doing testing in the manufacture of cooking oil-based biodiesel. This oil
contains a high FFA content is 3.13%, so we need pretreatment purification using
activated carbon (1% w / w of raw materials) to lower levels of FFA and FFA levels
gained 0.82%. The product resulting from stage pretratment then transesterified to
form biodiesel.The transesterification process to form methyl ester and glycerol.
Methyl ester product in the upper layer is separated from the glycerol and then
washed. The study looked at the effect of reaction time and the influence of the
catalyst calcination temperature. Analysis Characteristics include the levels of
methyl ester biodiesel, density, and viscosity by the Indonesian National Standard
(SNI). The best conditions are obtained the purity of 99.58% with a methyl ester
methyl ester yield of 92.68% with a mole ratio of alcohol and the use of used cooking
oil 12: 1, a reaction temperature of 65o
C, the amount of catalyst is 6% (w / w) which
are calcined at a temperature of 650 ° C and reaction time of 180 minutes. The
results of the present study indicate that the use of cocoa peel and used cooking oil is
a catalyst and cheap raw materials suitable in the manufacture of biodiesel. | en_US |
