Pengaruh Penambahan Selulosa Nanokristal dari Kulit Rotan dengan Plasticizer Gliserol dan Co-Plasticizer Asam Sitrat Dalam Pembuatan Biokomposit Berbahan Dasar Pati Sagu (Metroxylon Sp

Abstract

Rattan biomass is the one bioresources of cellulose which contains 37,6% cellulose content. The high cellulose contents of biomass rattan make it a source of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler in biocomposite. The aim of this research are to obtain the characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose each Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). And this research studied about the effect of filler loading of nanocrystalline cellulose from biomass rattan, plasticizer glicerol and co-plasticizer citric acid addition on sago starch biocomposite. The characterization are Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), density, tensile strength, elongation at break, and water uptake. Isolation of nanocrystalline cellulose from biomass rattan using chemical and mechanical method by acid hydrolysis process with sulfuric acid 45%, ultrasonication for 10 minutes, and filtration with dialysis membrane. Sago starch biocomposites were prepared using a solution casting method, which includes 1–4 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass as fillers, 10-40 wt% citric acid as co-plasticizer and 30 wt% glycerol as plasticizer. The results of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characteristic of nanocrystalline cellulose show diameter of nanocrystalline cellulose was 10-100 nm with around shape and 84.46% of crystallinity index. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis demonstrated that lignin and hemicellulose structures were successfully removed. The results of mechanical properties were supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was uniformly distributed on the sago starch matrix and FTIR of biocomposite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and citric acid addition resulted in a sharp peak absorption compared to bioplastics. This suggests that nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and citric acid have been successfully binding to starch groups. The results showed the highest density and tensile strength values were 0.28 gram/cm3 and 1,76 MPa obtained at an additional of 3 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and 30 wt% citric acid. The best value of elongation at break was 32,48% obtained at 1 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and 30 wt% citric acid addition. The lowest water absorption was 14,81% obtained at an additional of 3 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass and 10 wt% citric acid.