Pengaruh Penambahan Selulosa Nanokristal Dari Kulit Rotan Dengan Plasticizer Gliserol dan Co-Plasticizer Asam Asetat Dalam Pembuatan Biokomposit Berbahan Dasar Pati Sagu (Metroxylon sp)

Abstract

Rattan biomass is a fiber waste from processing industry of rattan which contains 37.6% cellulose. The high cellulose contents of rattan biomass make it a source of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler in biocomposites. The aim of this research are to obtain the characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose each Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Also the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass with glycerol as plasticizer and acetic acid as co-plasticizer addition on sago starch biocomposite. The characterization are Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), density, tensile strength, elongation at break, and water uptake. Isolation of nanocrystalline cellulose using chemical and mechanical methods by acid hydrolysis process using 45% sulfuric acid and ultrasonication for 10 minutes and followed by filtration process using dialysis membrane. Sago starch biocomposites were prepared using a solution casting method, which includes 1–4 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass as fillers, 10-40 wt% acetic acid as co plasticizer and 30 wt% glycerol as plasticizer. The results of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characteristic of nanocrystalline cellulose show diameter of nanocrystalline cellulose was 10-100 nm with around shape and crystallinity 84.46%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis demonstrated that lignin and hemicellulose structures were successfully removed. The results of mechanical properties were supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was uniformly distributed / dispersed on the sago starch matrix and FTIR of biocomposite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and acetic acid addition resulted in a sharp peak absorption compared to bioplastics. This suggests that nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and acetic acid have been successfully binding to starch groups. The results showed the highest density and tensile strength values were 0.26 gram/cm3 and 2.89 MPa obtained at an additional of 3 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from rattan biomass and 30 wt% acetic acid. The best value of elongation at break was 12.47% obtained at 1 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and 20 wt% acetic acid addition. The lowest water absorption was 9.37% obtained at an additional of 3 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass and 10 wt% acetic acid.