Pengaruh Penambahan Pengisi Kitosan dan Plasticizer Etilen Glikol Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Pati Biji Alpukat (Persea americana mill)

Abstract

Bioplastics are polymers derived from renewable biomass sources, such as starch, cellulose and lignin for the plant as well as casein, proteins and lipids for the animals. The purpose of this study to determine the characterization of avocado seed and determine the effect of chitosan and ethylene glycol on the physicochemical properties of bioplastics from waste avocado seed. Avocado seeds can be used as a raw material for starch bioplastics. Starch which is a raw material for bioplastics extracted from the seeds of avocado, then characterized to determine its chemical composition. Analysis was also performed FT-IR (Fourier Transform InfraRed), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and RVA (Rapid Visco Analyzer) in the avocado seed starch. Manufacture of bioplastics refers to weiping band methods, which performed chemical modification of starch with the addition of plasticizers and fillers ethylene glycol chitosan. In the manufacture of bioplastics starch composition avocado seed - chitosan used is 5: 5, 6: 4 7: 3, 8: 2 and 9: 1, while the weight% ethylene glycol used is, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The heating temperature of bioplastic varied solution at 85 °C. The resulting bioplastics analyzed the physical and chemical properties like density, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, water absorption, FT-IR, SEM, and RVA. From the results of FT-IR analysis indicated an increase in the wave number 3394.72 cm-1 to 3622.32 cm-1 for the OH group. The results of mechanical tests are further supported by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which shows the avocado seed starch granules have a size large and bioplastics with filler and chitosan plasticizer ethylene glycol their rough fracture surface and contained little cavity. From the analysis of the avocado seed starch obtained 16.6% moisture content, ash content of 0.23%, the starch content of 73.62%, 0.07% amylose content, amylopectin content of 73.55%, 2.16% protein content, fat content 1.09%, gelatinization temperature of 91.33 ° C with a peak viscosity of 674.5 cP and the best conditions of starch bioplastics avocado seeds obtained in the comparison of starch: chitosan (w / w) = 6: 4 with the addition of 5% plasticizer ethylene glycol with a density value of 0.203 g/cm3, the tensile strength of 30.213 MPa, elongation at break 5.370%, Elastic modulus 2031.326 MPa and water absorption of 53.06%.