Optimasi Sintesis Biosurfaktan Karbohidrat Ester dari Asam Palmitat dan Fruktosa Menggunakan Enzim Lipase Terimobilisasi

Abstract

Carbohydrate ester is one of many needed nonionic surfactant groups and has the potential to be an environmentally friendly surfactant. The principal problem in the synthesis of carbohydrate ester is to obtain the optimum conversion of palmitic acid by varying temperature, the amount of biocatalyst and reaction time. Esterification process was carried out by reacting directly palmitic acid and fructose using a Novozyme®435 immobilized lipase at 41,5 oC, 45 oC, 50 oC, 55 oC, 58,4 oC, using biocatalyst 0,1544 gr, 0,1863 gr, 0,2329 gr, 0,2795 gr, 0,3112 gr for 7,6 hours; 24 hours; 48 hours; 72 hours; 88,3 hours at 500 rpm; with addition 10 ml of solvent. The mixture was then separated from the catalyst by filtration. The product was analyzed by measuring the acid number to obtain conversion percent of fructose ester, Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and surface tension. The optimum conversion rate obtained was 61,80% at 55 oC reaction temperature, Novozyme®435 enzyme count was 12% and 72 hours reaction time. Result of fructose ester surfactant analysis obtained can decrease of surface tension was 41,0609 or 56,36 % and obtained HLB value is 10,592 value which showed fructose ester surfactant can be used as emulsifier of oil in water.