| dc.description.abstract | Carbohydrate ester is one of many needed nonionic surfactant groups and has the potential to
be an environmentally friendly surfactant. The principal problem in the synthesis of
carbohydrate ester is to obtain the optimum conversion of palmitic acid by varying
temperature, the amount of biocatalyst and reaction time. Esterification process was carried
out by reacting directly palmitic acid and fructose using a Novozyme®435 immobilized lipase
at 41,5 oC, 45 oC, 50 oC, 55 oC, 58,4 oC, using biocatalyst 0,1544 gr, 0,1863 gr, 0,2329 gr,
0,2795 gr, 0,3112 gr for 7,6 hours; 24 hours; 48 hours; 72 hours; 88,3 hours at 500 rpm;
with addition 10 ml of solvent. The mixture was then separated from the catalyst by filtration.
The product was analyzed by measuring the acid number to obtain conversion percent of
fructose ester, Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
and surface tension. The optimum conversion rate obtained was 61,80% at 55 oC reaction
temperature, Novozyme®435 enzyme count was 12% and 72 hours reaction time. Result of
fructose ester surfactant analysis obtained can decrease of surface tension was 41,0609 or
56,36 % and obtained HLB value is 10,592 value which showed fructose ester surfactant can
be used as emulsifier of oil in water. | en_US |
