Hubungan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan dengan Status Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Tahun 2022

Abstract

Background. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a congenital disorder that most affects newborns and children. Children with CHD have a greater risk of experiencing developmental delays or disorders than normal children. Malnutrition problems such as underweight and stunting are more common in children with the cyanotic CHD than those with the acyanotic type. Meanwhile, children with acyanotic CHD are more prone to wasting. The condition of CHD also affects the aspect of child development. It is known that children with cyanotic CHD project worse results in aspects of gross motor development, fine motor development and receptive language skills. Purpose. To analyze the relationship of congenital heart disease to the growth and development status of children at Haji Adam Malik Center General Hospital Medan. Method. This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional study. The sampling technique was carried out using the consecutive sampling method which was obtained using growth examination through the WHO growth chart curve and developmental examination through the Denver Developmental Screening Test - II, with a total sample of 53 people. Results. Most CHD patients in this study were found in the age group 0-2 years (48.1%). The proportion of CHD patients was found more female as many as 33 children (61.1%). Comparison based on CHD group found that there were more acyanotic CHD groups (74.1%) than cyanotic CHD (25.9%). Ventricular Septal Defect is the most common diagnosis after Atrial Septal Defect and Tetralogy of Fallot. Children with CHD found malnutrition as much as 37% and good nutrition as much as 62.9%. Based on the analysis of the chi square test, it was found that there was an association between CHD and growth status in children (p = 0.014). From the scale of development, found normal as much as 81.4% and suspected developmental disorders as much as 18.5%. Based on the analysis of the Fisher's exact test, there was no association between CHD and developmental status in children (p = 0.424). Conclusion. There is an association between congenital heart disease and growth status in children. There is no association between congenital heart disease and developmental status in children.