Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) Serum dan Ekspresi mRNA IL-1β Organ Ginjal pada Tikus Galur Wistar Model Hiperurisemia

Abstract

Uric acid has formed with the help of the precursor enzyme Xanthine Oxide. In the process, it will be accompanied by the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and can cause Oxidative Stress. The condition of excess uric acid in the body will trigger an inflammatory reaction, an early symptom of gout. This study aimed to analyze the changes in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and Interleukine 1β (IL-1β) gene expression in renal organs of model hyperuricemia rats within the ethanolic extract of melinjo peel. This research is a quasi-experimental study using males. Wistar rats aged 8 months with a 180 – 200 grams weight range. 32 Rats will. As many as 32 rats were made to be hyperuricemic. Rats were grouped into 4 groups consisting of 3 control groups, namely no treatment, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC), and allopurinol and 1 treatment group with ethanol extract of melinjo peel. The hyperuricemia model was made by giving rats a high-fructose diet and checking uric acid levels before and after treatment. MDA examination was carried out using the Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and IL-1β gene expression was performed using the qPCR method. The results showed a significant decrease in uric acid levels (p = 0.001) after being given ethanol extract of melinjo peel, and the difference in decrease was 2.92. There was also a decrease in MDA levels, and was significant (p= 0.001) after giving melinjo peel ethanol extract. The expression of the IL-1β gene showed a decrease of 0.90 times and was significant compared to the control group after giving melinjo peel ethanol extract for 10 days. There was an insignificant relationship between uric acid levels and MDA (p = 0.055) and uric acid levels with the IL-1β cycling threshold (0.114), while the relationship between MDA levels and IL-1β cycling threshold had a significant and moderate negative relationship (p = 0.006; r= -0.48). This study proves that the ethanolic extract of melinjo peel can reduce uric acid levels accompanied by a decrease in MDA levels and IL-1β expression in 10 days of treatment.