Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antikanker Ekstrak Daun Bangun-Bangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.) terhadap Kanker Payudara secara In Vitro dan In Vivo

Abstract

The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. of the family Lamiaceae, commonly called “bangun-bangun” in Indonesia has antioxidant property which can delay or inhibit oxidation so that prevent the cell damage caused by free radicals. The antioxidant property has positive correlation with cancer prevention. Cancer is caused by imbalance of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutation of oncogenes will suppress cell differentitation, hinder proliferation and trigger apoptosis. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant activity of n-hexane (EnDBB), etylacetate (EADBB), and ethanol (EDBB) extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. leaves, to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of EnDBB, EADBB and EDBB on MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines, to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of ENDBB and EADBB, to evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity of EADBB.

The powdered dried leaves were extracted using n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol solvents by maceration, The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH and Beta Caroten-Linoleic Acid methods and was compared with those of BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and quercetin, Cytotoxicity testing was carried out on MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines, by MIT [3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-iI)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The IC3y value was used as a base for dose variation in antiproliferative assay. The antiproliferative activity of EnDBB and EADBB were also evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis were tested by flowcytometry method. The anticancer effect of extract was tested based on the in vitro results. The in vivo assay was performed in mice by micronucleus and immunohistochemical assays.

The ethylacetate and ethanol extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng, leaves were found to have antioxidant activity with ICsp value 350.74 πg/ml dan 281.26 πg/ml by DPPH method, while n-hexane extract exhibited no activity. The ethanol extract and ethylacetate extract showed relatively high antioxidant activity by 8-Caroten-Linoleic Acid Method, while n-hexane extract exhibited lower activity. N-hexane extract and ethylacetate extracts have high cytotoxic effect againts T47D with ICso 44.716 πg/mL, 37.671 πg/ml respectively, while ethanol extract practically exhibited no activity with ICsp 29485.977π g/ml. N-hexane extract and ethylacetate extracts have high cytotoxic effect on MCE7 with ICsp 63.644 πg/mL, 7.647 πg/ml respectively, while ethanol extract exhibited no activity with ICs 1382.806 πg/mL. The mhexane extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lout.) Spreng. was found to inhibit the cell proliferation of MCF? and the activity was time and concentration dependent, Ethylacetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. inhibited the cell proliferation of MCF7 and was concentration dependent although weak, involving cell cycle delay mechanism as reflected by the percentage of viable cells remains the same at varied incubation time. The n-hexane extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. inhibited cell proliferation of T47D by concentration dependent, whereas ethylacetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lout.) Spreng. decreased cell proliferation at a longer incubation time. The result of apoptosis examination showed that aetylacetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lout.) Spreng. could trigger apoptosis of MCF7 and T47D cell lines. These results conclude that ethylacetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. Possess antiproliferative activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis in MCFT and T47D cell lines. Based on micronucleus assay it was found that ethylacetate extract of P. amboinicus at dose of 250; 500; 750 πg/mL were able to inhibit the chromosome aberration by inducing agent and also inhibit the proliferation of mammary cancer in mice at the same doses. In conclusion, all extracts of Plectranthus amboinfcas, (Lour.) Spreng. exhibited different extents of antioxidant activity which depending on the extracting solvent used and secondary metabolites occur in each solvent. The n-hexane and ethylacetate extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. have high cytotoxic effect suggested a need for further evaluation of its potency as anticancer. These results conclude that n-hexane and ethylacetate extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. possess antiproliferative activity via growth inhibition and apoptosis inducement in MCFT andT4TD cell lines. According to the results, it could conclude that ethylacetate extract had a higher potency in inhibiting cancer cells growth. Results from in viuo assays revealed that ethylacetate extract of P. amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. possessed antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities in mice.