Faktor Risiko yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) pada Sepsis Pediatri di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2020-2022

Abstract

Background. Sepsis in pediatrics is an emergency that is characterized by dysregulated host response towards infection and life-threatening organ dysfunction. Pediatric sepsis would develop to Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS). The risk factors for PARDS in pediatric sepsis have not been widely reported. Several known risk factors for PARDS are immunodeficiency, obesity, site of infection, and genetic factors. Objective. This study aimed to describe the risk factors that influence the incidence of PARDS in pediatric sepsis at Haji Adam Malik General Central Hospital Medan in 2020-2022. Method. This research is a retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional design where data were taken based on secondary data from medical records. The study population were all pediatric sepsis patients aged 1 month-18 years who were hospitalized at Haji Adam Malik General Central Hospital Medan in 2020-2022 and used total sampling as the sampling technique. Results. There were 112 pediatric sepsis patients where 33,9% (38 patients) developed PARDS with a 73,7% mortality rate. The risk factors for PARDS in pediatric sepsis showed that 57,9% of patients had immunodeficiency conditions, the most nutritional status was good nutrition (39,5%) and followed by obesity (21,1%), 60,5% patients had a pulmonary infection and 39,5% had an extrapulmonary infection, and only 23,7% of patients were suspected of having genetic disorder. Conclusion. The risk factors for PARDS in pediatric sepsis are mostly found in patients with pulmonary infection and immunodeficiency, followed by suspected genetic disorder and obesity.