Efek Antitrombotik dan Iritasi Lambung dari Pemberian Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) secara Oral pada Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) Galur Wistar

Abstract

Introduction: Diseases caused by blocked blood vessel are the highest cause of death in Indonesia with a prevalence of 15.4%. Aspirin is used as a preventative due to its analgesic, antipyretic dan antithrombotic effects. However, long-term use causes gastric irritation and gastrointestinal bleeding. Centella asiatica has a gastroprotective effect and is able to inhibit platelet reactivity. Objective: To determine the effect of Centella asiatica leaf extract as an antithrombotic and side effects on the stomach compared to aspirin. Research design: True experimental with posttest only kontrol group. The dosage of Centella asiatica used was 200, 400 and 600 mg/kgBW per day. The variables compared are Prothrombin Time, Bleeding Time, and Ulcer Index. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and followed by the Mann Whitney U test. Results: There was a significant difference in the duration of the Bleeding Time of Centella asiatica at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW (145.2 ± 62.21 seconds) which was longer than that of Aspirin (87.6 ± 26.29 seconds) (p=0,047). The duration of Prothrombin Time from Centella asiatica at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW (29.03 ± 2.14 seconds) also showed significantly longer results compared to the other group. Ulcer Index score from Centella asiatica 200 mg/kg BW ( 20 ± 27.38), Centella asiatica 400 mg/kg BW (40 ± 65.19) and Centella asiatica 600 mg/kg BW (70 ± 71) show significantly lower numbers compared to Aspirin administration (140 ± 22.36) (p=0,006; 0,032 and 0,041). Conclusion: Centella asiatica extract at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kgBW is proven to have a good gastroprotective effect and doses of 400 mg/kgBW and 600 mg/kgBW are proven to have a good antithrombotic effect.