Perbandingan Faktor yang mempengaruhi Status Gizi Anak Sindrom Down dan Anak Normal pada Kelompok Usia 7-12 Tahun di Kota Medan

Abstract

Background. Despite the increasing prevalence of overnutrition, the increasing number of children with Down syndrome, followed by the higher risk of children with Down syndrome to experience overnutrition, research conducted on factors that influence the nutritional status of children with Down syndrome is still limited in Indonesia. Aim. This research was conducted to look at the comparison of factors affecting the nutritional status of children with Down syndrome and normal children in the 7-12 age group in Medan. Method. This research is an analytical comparative cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to mothers of children with Down syndrome at POTADS Medan and children at SD Methodist 2 Medan. The sampling method used is purposive sampling and data that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria is selected. The number of samples were 30 children with Down syndrome and 30 normal children. Results. The results obtained indicated that there was a significant difference in parents' income (p-value 0.005) and children's food intake (p-value 0.017) between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the age of the mother (p-value 0.875), father's education (p-value 0.135), mother's education (p-value 0.360), children’s diet quality (p-value 0.946), children's physical activity (p-value 0.145), mother's nutritional knowledge (p-value 0.200), and children's nutritional status (p-value 0.347) between the two groups. There is a correlation between the nutritional status of the children and father's education in Down syndrome group (p-value 0.019), between children’s nutritional status and children's food intake with Down syndrome (p-value 0.002), and between children’s nutritional status and children’s diet quality in Down syndrome group (p-value 0.015). Conclusion. Significant differences between the two groups were found in parents' total income and children's food intake. Correlation with nutritional status was found in father's education, children's food intake, and children's diet quality in the Down syndrome group.