Gambaran Pola Bakteri dan Resistensinya terhadap Antibiotik pada Infeksi yang menyertai Covid-19 di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background. SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19 has infected ≥500 million people. One of the most common complications of COVID-19 is co-infection, which is the occurrence of ≥2 infections simultaneously. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antibiotics as therapy in co-infection with COVID-19 increased. However, there are still many cases of co-infection that are not resolved due to antibiotic resistance. This can be overcome by giving antibiotic therapy based on the type of bacteria and its pattern of resistance to antibiotics. Aim. To describe the bacterial patterns and its resistance to antibiotics in co-infection in COVID-19 at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Methods. This study uses a retrospective descriptive method with a cross sectional design. The data were collected from the medical records of all COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and carried out bacterial cultures at the Microbiology Laboratory of H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in April 2020-March 2022. Results. COVID-19 patients with co-infection are mostly male (54.3%), in the age group 56-65 years old (19.5%), the most common comorbidities is diabetes (36.9%), mostly treated in non-ICU rooms (51, 1%), with severe COVID-19/severe pneumonia (44%), and the most common infection is a respiratory tract infection (58.5%). The most common causative bacteria were gram-negative bacteria (62.8%), which is Acinetobacter baumannii (16.3%) which were only sensitive to Amikacin (74%). The most common gram-positive bacteria (37.2%) were Staphylococcus haemolyticus (6.4%) which were sensitive to Linezolid, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Nitrofurantoin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, and Vancomycin (82%-100%). Conclusion. The majority of co-infection in COVID-19 affect male patients, in the age group 56-65 years, the most common comorbidities is diabetes, treated in non-ICU rooms, with severe COVID-19/severe pneumonia, and respiratory tract infections is the common infections. Gram-negative bacteria are the most common cause, which is Acinetobacter baumannii that is sensitive to Amikacin.