| dc.description.abstract | The pharyngeal airway plays an important role in craniofacial growth and the development of respiratory function. Narrowing of the airways can cause breathing and sleep problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the mean and differences of the upper and lower pharyngeal airway widths among skeletal class I and II with hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent growth pattern. The type of study was descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional design. Lateral cephalograms of 72 RSGM USU patients were used to measure the upper and lower pharyngeal airway widths according to McNamara’s analysis. The skeletal relationships and growth pattern were categorized by the Steiner method. The results showed that the greatest average width of the upper pharyngeal airways was found in class I normodivergent (15.92±3.18 mm) and class II hypodivergent (16.01±3.32 mm). Meanwhile, the smallest was found in class I hyperdivergent (13.02±2.42 mm) and class II hyperdivergent (13.23±1.76 mm). The greatest average width of the lower pharyngeal airways was found in class I normodivergent (13.53±4.78 mm) and class II normodivergent (13.02±4.35 mm), the smallest was found in class I hypodivergent (11.62±2.88 mm) and class II hyperdivergent (12.36±2.44 mm). There was no significant difference in upper and lower pharyngeal airway widths between class I with hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent growth pattern. A statistically difference exists significantly between the upper pharyngeal airway widths in class II with hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent growth pattern. The conclusions of the study showed that the hyperdivergent subjects had a smaller upper pharyngeal airway width compared to other growth patterns. | en_US |
