Uji Viabilitas Sel Osteoblas setelah Pemberian Nanopartikel Hidroksiapatit Cangkang Keong Unam (Volegalea Cochlidium) secara In-Vitro sebagai Kandidat Bahan Bone Graft di Bidang Periodonsia

Abstract

Background : Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease of the oral cavity caused by specific microorganism and could cause progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Treatment to restore structure and function of periodontal tissues is bone grafting. One of the most commonly used synthetic bone graft is hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is an inorganic component with chemical structure and minerals similar to bone and teeth, which is found in natural resources such as fish scales, egg shells, snail shells and coral stones. Unam snail (Volegalea Cochlidium) is a gastropod with hard shell that contains high levels of calcium carbonate and could be used as a source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. Objective : To analyze the most appropriate consentration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle using MTT Assay method and to test the viability of osteoblast cells after given hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHA) derived from the shells of unam snails (Volegalea cochlidium). Method : The fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle from the shells of unam snails using mechanical-chemical combination method known as ball mill and sol gel. Osteoblast cells are obtained from Calvaria rats after cultured in DMEM. Viability test of osteoblast cells were done using MTT Assay method and repeated three times, and then results are measured using Elisa reader. Result: Viability of osteoblast cells in nHA 1,25 mg/ml (164,60 % ± 0,096), nHA 1,5 mg/ml (151,72 % ± 0,176), nHA 1,75 mg/ml (90,55 % ± 0,243), nHA 2 mg/ml (74,23 % ± 0,301) respectively. ANOVA test shows p < 0,05. IC50 value of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle towards percentage of viability of osteoblast cells is 2,23 mg/ml. Conclusion: The most appropriate hydroxyapatite nanoparticle is below 2 mg/ml and decreasing concentration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle of unam snail shells will increase the viability towards osteoblast cells which shows that hydroxyapatite nanoparticle derived from unam snail shells is not toxic to osteoblast cells.