Pengaruh Curah Hujan terhadap Produksi Tanaman Pangan di Indonesia

Abstract

Main food crops are seasonal plant that are affected by climate change, especially precipitation. Due to geographical location, Indonesia has three different types of precipitation, namely equatorial, monsoon, and local. This study aimed to analyze the effect of climate change, especially precipitation on crops based on the type of precipitation. The data used was secondary data, in the form of production data, land area, rainfall for the period 1990 to 2017. The research locations were selected purposively, namely 7 provinces representing three types of precipitation. The monsoon type is represented by the provinces of East Java, South Sulawesi and South Kalimantan. The equatorial type is represented by North Sumatera, West Kalimantan and Central Sulawesi. Meanwhile Maluku Province was chosen to represent the local rain type region. Data were analyzed using panel regression in the form of a quadratic equation of precipitation on production. The results of the equation were then derived to determine changes in production due to changes in rainfall. Data groups based on commodity and rain type regions were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that precipitation did not partially affect maize production in all regions. While other commodities that have the largest change in production to precipitation respectively were lowland rice, cassava, and dryland rice. Dryland rice commodity has small changes in production in monsoon areas. Changes in the production of cassava and lowland rice did not differ significantly in the equatorial and monsoon region