Deteksi Mikroflora Saliva pada Penduduk dan Uji Kualitas Sanitasi Air di Kawasan Pinggiran Kota Medan

Abstract

Saliva as a source of human DNA has many advantages over other DNA sources, for example, it is stable and easy to collect. Preservation of saliva as a source of DNA has challenges because salivary microflora has the potential to degrade the DNA of the human genome. This study aims to detect salivary microflora (protozoa, bacteria, and yeast) of residents in the suburbs of Medan, North Sumatra. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling. A total of 30 saliva DNA samples were extracted by the spin column method. Identification of protozoa was carried out by biomolecular approach using PCR targeting the genes of Trichomonas spp. and Entamoeba spp. The bacteria and yeast are detected microbiologically by culture and microscopic appearances and confirmed molecularly by PCR colonies targeting the 16S rRNA gene and ITS gene, respectively. Result: saliva samples of the residents contain Trichomonas spp. and Entamoeba spp., as well as cocci Gram-positive. Catalase tests showed that 83% of bacterial samples were Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci. Candida spp. were detected from the yeast colonies. The Mann-whitney U Test results showed associations between the colonization of Trichomonas spp. and yeast Candida spp. with the residents' age (p < 0.05). The water quality test at four locations in the suburban area of Medan City (Tembung) revealed only one site that met the standards for hygiene purposes. In contrast, the other 3 locations contained bacteria, nitrogen, and manganese that had exceeded the maximum limit of water standards for hygiene purposes. There is an association between water quality and microflora (bacteria and yeast) in saliva (Mann-Whitney U, p < 0.05).